镧离子和次甲基蓝掺杂对KDP晶体生长及晶体质量的影响

题名:镧离子和次甲基蓝掺杂对KDP晶体生长及晶体质量的影响
作者:赵严帅
学位授予单位:青岛大学
关键词:KDP晶体;;有机染料;;稀土离子;;pH值;;添加剂
摘要:
 KDP (KH2PO4)晶体是一种性能优良的非线性光学晶体材料,因其独特的物理性质而成为唯一可用于激光核聚变工程的非线性晶体。综合考虑其电光性能,特大尺寸、高质量的KDP晶体成为大功率激光器中主要光学晶体材料之一。因此通过改变KDP晶体生长条件和利用添加剂生长大尺寸高光学质量的KDP晶体成为国内外研究的热点。
 论文介绍了KDP晶体的结构、性质和用途,并对无机阴离子、金属阳离子和有机添加剂的国内外研究历史与现状进行了详细的阐Strong magnets述,总结探讨了添加剂对生长KDP晶体的影响机理。
 本论文通过改变KDP晶体生长溶液的饱和点和pH值,利用溶液降温法进行KDP晶体生长实验,探讨了生长KDP晶体最佳饱和点和pH值,然后在此基础上通过掺杂稀土离子(镧离子)和有机染料(次甲基蓝)进行了KDP晶体生长实验。
 通过对未掺杂KDP晶体和掺杂La3+生长的KDP晶体对比研究发现,低浓度的La3+掺杂,可以提高了生长溶液的稳定性,减少晶体中缺陷；用紫外/可见分光光度计在200-800nm波段对样品柱区做了透过率测定,发现低浓度(La3+≦4×10-3mol/L)掺杂可以提高KDP晶体在紫外波段的透过率,改善晶体的质量。
 对于次甲基蓝掺杂生长KDP晶体,掺杂浓度较大时,溶液稳定性降低；随着次甲基蓝掺杂浓度的增加,晶体柱面区域金属元素含量逐渐降低,说明加入次甲基蓝染料能够有效地抑制金属离子Fe3+、Cr3+、Al3+在晶体柱面的吸http://www.chinamagnets.biz/附,减弱金属离子对KDP晶体柱面生长的影响；对掺杂生长的KDP晶体进行了XRD测试发现,掺杂不同浓度的次甲基蓝,并没有引起KDP晶体晶相的改变,只是晶体的布拉格角有微小的漂移和衍射强度稍有差异。
学位年度:2010

固体超强酸光催化剂的制备及改性降解室内甲醛气体的试验研究

题名:固体超强酸光催化剂的制备及改性降解室内甲醛气体的试验研究
作者:王川涛
学位授予单位:重庆大学
关键词:甲醛;;固体超强酸;;改性;;涂料;;动力学模型
摘要:
 由建筑材料及家具排入室内空气中的甲醛对人体健康产生不利影响,尤其是在室内装修不断普及的今天,室内空气中的甲醛污染引起了人们的极大关注。而近些年兴起的纳米TiO_2光催化氧化技术是降解室内甲醛的一种有效方法,但此技术目前存在着光生载流子的复合率较高、太阳光利用率低的问题。本课题主要通过研究改性固体超强酸光催化剂,使其能够在这两个方面有所突破。
 本论文首先制备纯的二氧化钛光催化剂粉末,基于本课题组长期研究得出的配比的基础上,加入硝酸作为水解抑制剂,不仅可以缩短溶胶凝聚的时间,而且能够在一定程度上提高光催化性能;利用数理统计中的单纯形优化方法对各个Strong magnets配比进行优化,并且使用X射线衍射(XRD)技术对样品的晶型进行了表征分析。接着引入硫酸以及稀土元素镧制备出改性固体超强酸光催化剂降解室内甲醛,且对制备得到的改性固体超强酸光催化剂晶型表征分析,并与纯二氧化钛光催化剂进行比较。然后将降解效果最优的光催化剂负载于涂料之上,降解室内甲醛,得到最优的负载方法。最后,通过初始浓度的不同,降解过程不同,得到以白炽灯作为模拟光源,改性固体超强酸光催化剂降解室内甲醛的动力学方程。研究结果表明:
 ①本文在制备纯纳米TiO_2时通过添加硝酸抑制水解反应,从而提高了其光催化性能。按照n(Ti):n(HNO3)分别为1:0;1:0.25;1:0.5;1:0.75;1:1来安排试验,最后得出,n(Ti):n(HNO3)=1:0.25为最佳添加量。
 ②运用单纯形优化试验进一步优化配比,得到性能更好的光催化剂。当n(H2O)/n[Ti(OC4H9)4]=3.46,n(C2H5OH)/n[Ti(OC4H9)4]=26.49,n(HNO3)/n[Ti(OC4H9)4]=0.34,n(NH(C2H5OH)2)/n[Ti(OC4H9)4]=1.21时,该光催化剂在紫外灯下对甲醛的去除率可达34%。③用正交试验制备SO42--TiO_2固体超强酸光催化剂,正交试验选择了三个影响因子:浸渍时间,浸渍浓度,煅烧温度。通过方差分析可以得出:因子A浸渍硫酸浓度最重要,煅烧温度次之,即顺序为浸渍硫酸浓度>煅烧温度>浸渍时间。④La3+-SO42--TiO_2(500℃)样品的平均粒径为21.3nm,与纯纳米TiO_2样品平均粒径为25.8 nm相比,所制备的改性固体超强酸纳米光催化样品粒径尺寸较小,比表面积较大。
 ⑤在紫外灯作为光源下,钛镧比为0.25时La3+-SO42--TiO_2光催化剂性能最强。白炽灯作为光源,SO42--TiO_2固体超强酸光催化剂在可见光下对甲醛的去除率为27.08%,La3+-SO42--TiO_2光催化剂的去除率为39.22%。
 ⑥利用有机粘结剂先与光催化剂http://www.chinamagnets.biz/混合分散均匀,然后再喷涂于风干涂料之上的方法研究了不同负载量、不同光强之下甲醛的去除率。紫外灯下,在涂料上负载1:0.25的光催化剂时,涂料对甲醛有了一定的去除效果,当达到1:0.75时,效果最佳,但是添加量增大到1:1时,去除率却在下降。进一步研究在白炽灯下甲醛的去除率,在白炽灯模拟太阳光源的试验中,La3+-SO42--TiO_2改性涂料的3小时光催化去除效率达到了37.25%
 ⑦通过研究白炽灯作为光源,La3+-SO42--TiO_2改性固体超强酸光催化剂负载于涂料之上降解室内甲醛的动力学方程。初始浓度不同,甲醛的去除过程也不一样。先假设各初始浓度下甲醛的降解符合一级动力学方程。通过回归分析验证其在180分钟内的降解是属于一级反应,并且得到了降解速率常数和表观吸附平衡常数分别为k=0.0036mg/m3,K=0.9769m3/mg。
学位年度:2010

强酸功能化介观结构催化剂的合成及其在烷基化和酰基化反应中的应用

题名:强酸功能化介观结构催化剂的合成及其在烷基化和酰基化反应中的应用
作者:顾怡
学位授予单位:复旦大学
关键词:Nafion负载型催化剂;;异丁烷/1-丁烯烷基化;;苯甲醚/苯甲酰氯酰基化;;表面疏水性;;SBA-15;;Me-SBA-15;;SBA-16;;Me-SBA-16;;FDU-14
摘要:
 异丁烷与C3-C5的烯烃在强酸催化下反应生成支链烷烃混合物,称为烷基化油(alkylate)。烷基化油具有高辛烷值(混合辛烷值为93),低Reid蒸汽压,而且不含芳香化物、烯烃和硫等物质,是一种理想的汽油组分。随着一些高辛烷值组分如MTBE (methyl-tertiary-butyl ether)和芳香化合物的禁用,汽油中烷基化油的比重将进一步提高。
 上世纪三十年代,UOP的Ipatieff小组发现异构烷烃与烯烃在AICl3/HCl和BF3/HF催化下发生烷基化反应,生成饱和支链烃。不久,UOP公司建立了生产装置,采用的催化剂是硫酸。1942年Phillips建立第一套以HF为催化剂的装置生产高辛烷值航空汽油。目前从全球的范围看,硫酸和氢氟酸两种均相催化路线拥有接近的产能。但两Strong magnets种液相催化剂都存在着很大的缺陷,HF是一种高毒性易挥发的液体,一旦泄漏,会在空气中形成稳定的气溶胶,可以随风在地面扩散数公里之远。硫酸催化路线的酸消耗量非常高,生产每吨烷基化油需消耗70-100kg硫酸,生产成本的1／3用于硫酸再生。液体酸催化剂的运输、储存、对设备的腐蚀及废酸的处理都对环境形成了很大的压力。
 1990年以来,异丁烷／烯烃烷基化面临着开发环境友好催化体系的巨大挑战。分子筛作为一种无毒、非腐蚀性的固体酸催化剂,得到了最广泛的关注,Mobil Oil的Garwood和Venuto及Sun Oil的Kirsch等在1960年代末就对稀土元素交换的八面沸石方面进行了研究。之后,又对其它沸石进行研究。总的来说,大孔沸石是有效的烷基化催化剂。其他的固体酸,如SO42-/MxOy(M=Zr,Ti,Fe)、杂多酸、各种磺酸树脂、负载型强酸催化剂等,也作为潜在的催化剂受到关注和研究。但至今为止,所有这些催化剂用于合成烷基化油时都伴随着快速失活,这从根本上影响了分子筛催化剂的工业应用。
 酰基化反应是另一个重要的酸催化反应,同样面临着开发高性能固体酸催化剂的巨大压力。本文从三个主要方面设计强酸功能化介观结构催化剂,包括强酸的引入、表面疏水性调变和多维孔道载体的选择。研究了这些因http://www.chinamagnets.biz/素对烷基化和酰基化反应的影响。
 Nafion全氟磺酸树脂是通过全氟磺酸醚单体和四氟乙烯的共聚反应制备而成的固体超强酸。它是一种多聚全氟磺酸,氟原子作为取代基有很强的电负性,可以增强磺酸的酸性,使得Nafion的酸性可与硫酸、全氟甲磺酸相媲美。Nafion树脂的强酸性以及化学稳定性使得它成为均相酸催化剂的理想替代品。但是Nafion单独使用也存在诸多局限性。因为它很容易团聚,使得酸性中心大大减少,此外它的比表面积很小仅为0.02 m2/g。为了提高Nafion树脂的催化活性,Harmer等人将Nafion负载于大表面积的氧化硅材料上(200 m2/g)。酰基化反应和烷基化反应证实这一方法十分有效。后来的研究者使用一步法将全氟甲基β亚砜嫁接到MCM-41上,这种材料的催化活性比起前者有了显著提高,而制备时采用的Nafion最高负载量仅为1.5wt%,就已显示出很好的催化活性。Fujiwara等人使用溶胶凝胶法合成Nafion-氧化硅复合物。相比较而言,负载法比溶胶凝胶法和表面嫁接法更为方便。Wang和Guin等的研究表明,负载法制备的催化剂表现出更好的烯烃醚化催化活性。本文的主要工作是使用负载法将Nafion负载于SBA-15和SBA-16载体上,制备强酸功能化催化剂应用于烷基化和酰基化反应。实验结果表明,随着Nafion载量由15wt%提高到30wt%,烷基化的初始转化率大幅上升,酰基化转化率也有明显提高,且酸性位越多,催化剂使用寿命越长。此外,本文还尝试使用全氟甲基β亚砜嫁接法制备新型强酸功能化介孔高分子,拟拓展强酸种类。
 催化剂的孔结构在酸催化反应中也起着重要角色。孔道结构直接影响分子的有效扩散。Corma等人指出三维的沸石孔道结构要优于一维的孔道。文献中尚未有关于烷基化活性与催化剂孔道结构的研究报道。本文采用研究较成熟的SBA-15作为酸催化剂载体。SBA-15可提供均一的孔径,大比表面和孔容,这些特质为Nafion在载体表面的分散提供便利。催化剂表征显示,Nafion载量达到30wt%时,也能在SBA-15表面很好的分散。另外,三维孔道结构的介孔材料,如SBA-16,FDU-14,MCF等也是潜在的烷基化催化剂载体。本文研究发现,在相同的Nafion载量下,三维SBA-16载体明显优越于一维SBA-15载体,无论是烷基化初始活性还是催化剂寿命都得到提高。之后,本文还对FDU-14,MCF等三维载体进行了初步研究,发掘出其中的潜在应用价值。
 催化剂表面的亲水/憎水平衡是一个影响反应物和产物在介孔内吸附、扩散的重要特性。而且,许多固体酸在使用中因强极性水分子存在而导致活性降低。因此,酸性位周围的憎水微环境将有利于降低水分子对活性的影响。可以预计调整催化剂的憎水性会大大改变催化表现。对于异丁烷/1-丁烯烷基化反应,催化剂失活的重要原因是烯烃的选择性吸附和孔阻塞。不同极性的墙壁会使材料有非常不同的吸附行为。墙壁中有机区域的疏水性使得反应条件下的烷烃浓度提高,从而有效抑制烯烃的聚合反应。而对于苯甲醚/苯甲酰氯酰基化反应,疏水表面可有效降低多聚芳烃副产物的生成。因此材料表面的化学特性是很重要的活性影响因素。周期性介孔有机硅(PMOs)是使用至少含有两个硅氧基为硅源作为前躯体合成的介孔框架结构与有机表面相结合的复合材料。Inagaki等证实苯桥双硅烷化试剂可在模板周围聚合得到一种在孔系统、孔壁都高度有序的晶体,苯桥是结构堆砌的基本单位。随后在苯桥硅中引入丙基巯基,经氧化处理获得磺酸功能化材料。该材料表现出很好的酯化反应活性。除了骨架疏水性的引入外,还可在材料的表面嫁接疏水性有机硅烷从而提高材料的憎水性能。Macquarrie等在全氟磺酸嫁接的介孔材料壁上引入丙基基团作为疏水基团,大大提高Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应的速率。鉴于烷基化和酰基化反应体系疏水性的要求,本文采用甲基硅烷化试剂(三甲基乙氧基硅烷)对氧化硅表面的硅羟基进行覆盖。该方法同时在SBA-15和SBA-16上得到实施。甲基修饰后的介孔表面能够提高异丁烷的吸附效率,增大表面的烷烃/烯烃比,反应初始转化率及寿命均有提高。且在较低烷烃／烯烃原料配比下,转化率仍较佳。在酰基化反应中,疏水催化剂表面可有效降低多聚芳烃副产物的生成。其次,本文首次将C-FDU-14系列材料用作催化剂载体。全碳介孔材料具有优良的表面疏水性,同时兼具三维介孔孔道的优点,将其负载或嫁接全氟磺酸活性基团后,是高效的烷基化催化剂。最后,文中还合成了PMO及有机-无机杂化PMO材料,并将其作为烷基化催化剂载体进行初步尝试。
学位年度:2010

掺钕透明微晶玻璃的制备及性能研究

题名:掺钕透明微晶玻璃的制备及性能研究
作者:韩立国
学位授予单位:中南大学
关键词:Nd~(3+)离子;;氟氧化物;;透明微晶玻璃;;析晶动力学;;光谱性能
摘要:
 Nd3+离子因具有吸收系数大、吸收带较宽、荧光寿命长、荧光分支比大、能量集中及易于实现室温下的激光等特点,使得掺Nd3+离子的激光材料成为当前的研究热点。其中,掺Nd3+离子的透明氟氧化物微晶玻璃因兼具氟化物玻璃的优异光学性能以及氧化物玻璃优良的化学稳定性和热稳定性而引起材料科学工作者的广泛关注。与其它氟化物相比,CaF2晶体对稀土离子有较高的固溶度,且具有透光范围宽(0.125-10μm)、化学稳定性好、及声子能量低等特点,因此,掺Nd3+离子且含CaF2纳米微晶的氟氧化物微晶玻璃是一种比较有发展潜力的激光材料。
 本文采用传统熔体冷却技术及晶化热处理rare earth magnets工艺制备了掺Nd3+离子的SiO2-Al2O3-CaF2-NaF-Na2O体系透明氟氧化物微晶玻璃。利用差热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等检测手段研究了该系统玻璃的形成能力、析晶机理、微观结构。同时,利用荧光光谱、吸收光谱等测试方法和结果,分析了Nd3+离子掺入浓度对材料光谱和激光性能的影响。结果表明：
 1. SiO2-Al2O3-CaF2-NaF-CaO系统玻璃的稳定性较好,在第一析晶峰温度附近析晶不明显,CaF2析出较困难,出现表面析晶现象,当温度较高时可能出现钙长石晶相。用Na2O代替CaO后,玻璃的析晶能力提高,第一析晶峰温度附近析出CaF2晶体,Nd3+离子进入微晶生成Ca0.9Nd0.1F2.1相。
 2.在SiO2-Al2O3-CaF2-NaF-Na2O系统玻璃中,氟化物含量较高,因此,由[Si04]和[Al04]四面体组成的网络结构中存在较多网络断开点或非桥氧离子。玻璃的析晶活化能随着Nd3+掺入量的增加而逐渐降低,析晶能力增强。在析晶过程中,晶核呈三维方式生长,其长大主要受扩散机制所控制。随着温度的升高,其形核速率不断降低,最终趋向于零形核率。
 3.含不同Nd3+浓度的样品,经过http://www.chinamagnets.biz/同一条件热处理后,随着Nd3+离子浓度的增加,样品中除CaF2外还形成了Ca0.9Nd0.1F2.1固溶体。Nd3+取代Ca2+离子进入晶体中,衍射峰向小角度方向移动。Nd3+离子浓度越大,进入CaF2微晶中的Nd3+离子就越多,晶格畸变越严重,衍射峰偏移越多。Ca0.9Nd0.1F2.1相的生成以及点阵常数的增大证实了Nd3+离子进入CaF2微晶体。
 4.在热处理过程中,Nd3+离子进入CaF2晶体中,其局域环境由声子能较高的玻璃基体转变为声子能低的CaF2晶体,使得Nd3+离子发射强度和吸收强度在晶化之后都得到提高。同时,由于CaF2萤石结构中存在多种不同电荷补偿方式,Nd3+在晶格中产生丰富的不对称格位,使其吸收和发射光谱加宽。
 5.掺Nd3+离子的SiO2-Al2O3-CaF2-NaF-Na2O系透明微晶玻璃中Nd3+离子的5个主要吸收峰位于511、582、746、803、875nm处；3个主要荧光峰位于888,1055和1327 nm处,分别对应于4F3／2→4I9／2,4F3／2→4I11/2和4F3／2→4I13／2跃迁。
 6.随着Nd3+离子浓度的增加,微晶玻璃中CaF2晶体形成立方八面体团簇结构的正方反棱体格位。Nd3+离子浓度增大时,团簇结构中包含的Nd3+离子的个数也会增加,引起浓度猝灭效应,导致受激发射截面不断减小。
学位年度:2010

偏硼酸钡和铌酸锂纳米棒的制备与光学性质

题名:偏硼酸钡和铌酸锂纳米棒的制备与光学性质
作者:何贵平
学位授予单位:华南理工大学
关键词:纳米棒;;水热法;;掺杂;;光致发光
摘要:
 本文选择偏硼酸钡(β-BaB2O4,简称β-BBO)和铌酸锂(LiNbO3,简称LN)这两种具有优异非线性光学性质的晶体作为研究对象。利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)表面活性剂辅助水热法合成了β-BBO和LN纳米棒。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及光致发光光谱(PL)等分析测试手段,对所得纳米棒样品的形貌、成分、结构rare earth magnets以及物性进行了研究。论文主要的研究内容和结果如下:
 一、采用CTAB辅助水热法合成了直径在10~20 nm之间,长度为几个微米的β-BBO纳米棒。β-BBO纳米棒在紫外-可见-近红外区域没有明显的吸收边,其二阶非线性光学系数是尿素的1.2倍。室温时,在250 nm波长激光激发下,β-BBO纳米棒在382 nm处有紫外发射。
 二、利用CTAB辅助水热法制备了过渡金属离子Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)和稀土金属离子Er~(3+)、Ce~(3+)/Ce~(4+)掺杂β-BBO纳米棒,结构分析表明微量金属离子掺杂并没有改变β-BBO纳米棒的结构。不同的金属离子掺入β-BBO纳米棒中,可以充分展示β-BBO纳米棒的发光,同时对β-BBO纳米棒的发光性质也有影响。在Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)共掺杂的β-BBO纳米棒发射光谱中仍观察到了中心位于382 nm的发射峰,与β-BBO纳米棒的发射峰相比,发光中心没有发生偏移,但是其发光强度显著增强,同时研究表明Cu~(2+)对Pb~(2+)有一定的敏化作用。在400 nm波长激光激发下,Er~(3+)、Ce~(3+)/Ce~(4+)掺杂β-BBO纳米棒发射光谱中有中心波长位于515和542 nm处强的绿光发射,发光分别源于β-BBO:Er~(3+)中Er~(3+)的2H11/2,4S3/2→4I15/2能级跃迁。Er~(3+)、Ce~(3+)/Ce~(4+)共掺杂β-BBO纳米棒较Er~(3+)单掺杂β-BBO纳米棒的发光强度显著增强,表明Ce~(3+)是Er~(3+)的有效敏化剂,存http://www.chinamagnets.biz/在着Ce~(3+)→Er~(3+)的能量传递过程。
 三、通过CTAB辅助水热法制备了直径为20 nm,长度为100 nm左右的LN纳米棒。并且分析了影响LN纳米棒合成的因素,包括锂源的选择、锂铌摩尔比、反应温度和时间。LN纳米棒的发射光谱表现出比较新颖的性质,其发射峰的强度和位置随着激光激发波长的改变而改变,在240 nm激发下有强的位于390 nm处的发射峰。
学位年度:2010

题名:含氮介孔高分子及稀土氟化物上转换发光材料的合成
作者:杨建平
学位授予单位:复旦大学
关键词:介孔高分子;;软模板;;介孔氧化硅;;核壳结构;;纳米晶;;水热合成
摘要:
 在最近十几年中,介孔与纳米材料由于具有特殊的性质,有望在催化、能源、电化学、生物、器件等领域具有突破性的应用因而受到广泛的关注。目前介孔材料的发展包括新材料的合成以及改性和修饰、介孔材料在催化、电化学、水处理等方面的应用、以及介孔材料的工业化合成。而具有特殊光学性质的上转换发光材料,由于在发光、生物成像和构筑光学器件等光学领域具有极大的应用,正逐渐引起了人们的注意。本论文主要围绕介孔高分子材料的功能化以及上转换发光材料的合成与修饰而展开。分为三个部分：(1)含氮介孔高分子的合成；(2)介孔氧化硅包裹的上转换发光材料；(3)水热法rare earth magnets合成羧基官能化和水溶性上转换发光材料。
 在第二章中,以可溶的、低分子量的尿素—苯酚—甲醛树脂作为有机前驱体,三嵌段表面活性剂F127作为模板,通过溶剂挥发诱导自组装的方法合成出有序的含氮介孔高分子。这种材料具有高度有序的结构,高的比表面积(385—420m2/g),大的孔径(3.1—3.6 nm),孔容(0.25—0.44 cm3/g)和高的氮含量(2.69—2.94%)。通过调节UPF/F127的比率,尿素的含量以及UPF树脂的聚合时间,可以控制产物的结构和氮含量,与相同条件下不含氮的介孔高分子材料相比,所得到的含氮介孔高分子材料具有更亲水的性质,因而具有更高的水分子吸附能力,氮基团的存在亦能显著提高重金属离子(铁离子)的吸附能力。
 在第三章中,我们使用两亲性表面活性剂Triton X-100修饰疏水的β-NaYF4表面成亲水,然后使用Stober溶胶凝胶的方法在β-NaYF4表面包上薄层的氧化硅,再采用表面活性剂·CTAB为模板的溶胶凝胶方式包裹一层介孔氧化硅,得到β-NaYF4@SiO2@mSiO2核壳结构。介孔氧化硅层具有均一的孔径(～2.3 nm)、开放的孔道和可调节的壳层厚度(从50—90 nm)。介孔氧化硅包裹的β-NaYF4：Yb,Er纳米棒核壳结构仍具有显著的上转换发光性质。通过包裹介孔氧化硅在上转换材料的表面形成核壳结构,不仅改变材料的疏水性还较好地保持了材料的上转换发光性能,且介孔氧化硅层不但具有很好的生物相容性,易嫁接和修饰官能团与生物大分子,而且开放的介孔孔道为各种官能化的纳米粒子和生物分子提供了场所。当罗丹明B染料分子被吸附在介孔孔道,在980 nm激光激发下,由于上转换过程,纳米棒发出绿光,绿光被罗丹明B染料分子吸收后再次激发出荧光,实现了二次激发。这些引人注http://www.chinamagnets.biz/目的特征在多色荧光等方面具有极大的应用前景。
 在第四章中,我们提出一种简单的一步水热法合成各种形貌的具有水溶性和羧基功能化的NaYF4:Yb/Er.上转换材料。使用小分子二元酸,如丙二酸、乙二酸、丁二酸和酒石酸作为螯合剂,通过调节反应温度,反应时间,二元酸与氢氧化钠的摩尔比以及二元酸的种类,可以得到包括立方相α-NaYF4和六方相β-NaYF4材料,得到包括球形粒子、空心管、棒状、薄片状、盘状、六方梓、六边形多面体和六边形片状体等各种形貌。此外,我们还考察了不同形貌的NaYF4:Yb/Er材料的的表面性质和上转换发光性质。研究结果表明,所合成的NaYF4:Yb/Er材料表面具有羧酸基团官能化并具有很好的水分散性,同时具有很强的上转换发光性质。
学位年度:2010

热液作用对铜镍硫化物矿床成矿的贡献

题名:热液作用对铜镍硫化物矿床成矿的贡献
作者:谢燮
学位授予单位:长安大学
关键词:热液作用;;铜镍硫化物矿床;;金川;;拉水峡
摘要:
 岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床由于赋矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体围岩蚀变微弱,一般认为该类矿床热液作用对成矿的影响不大。热液作用对成矿的影响往往被人们忽视,但近年来,对-些矿床的野外调查、矿石地球化学和流体包裹体研究表明,成岩过程和成岩后构造变质作用过程中伴随的热液活动对成矿作用具有重要贡献,Cu-PGE富集为特征的矿石是热液作用的直接结果,具有重要的矿业开发价值。
 本论文在分析、研究、总结前人资料的基础上,通过对金川和拉水峡铜镍硫化物矿床矿物学、矿床地球化学及流体包裹体的研究,将rare earth magnets金川矿床与拉水峡矿床热液作用进行了对比,并以金川和拉水峡矿床为例,探讨了热液作用对岩浆硫化物矿床的成矿贡献,主要取得了以下几方面认识：
 1.热液作用对矿石中矿物的成分具有一定的影响,具有低温热液特征的As、Se、Ag、Te元素明显富集,金属矿物组合发生改变,金川矿床岩浆期主要金属硫化物矿物组合为磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、镍黄铁矿,热液期主要矿物组合为黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铁矿、方黄铜矿、闪锌矿；拉水峡矿床岩浆期主要金属硫化物矿物组合亦为磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、镍黄铁矿,热液蚀变期主要矿物组合为紫硫镍矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿。
 2.热液作用对铜镍硫化物矿床对铜、铂、钯金属元素富集具有重要作用,特别是对铂、钯金属元素的富集；金川和拉水峡矿床均表现出了轻稀土富集的特征,热液叠加作用形成的铂富集体REE分馏程度较低；地幔应该是其硫化物的主要硫源,硫化物均为非平衡状态,表明了热液作用对硫同位素具有一定的影响。
 3.金川矿床石英和方解石颗粒中包裹体主要以单一相为主,气液两相包裹体较少,体积非常小；拉水峡矿床石英中包裹体发育,岩浆http://www.chinamagnets.biz/期后热液存在中低温度(180～244℃)、中等盐度(8.81～14.67%NaCl)、中等密度(0.86～0.95g／cm3)且密度范围变化不大的流体,其可能来源于地幔过渡带或软流圈。
 4.金川矿床在岩浆成矿作用后至少经历了三期热液作用,拉水峡矿床至少存在两期热液作用。热液成矿作用对于增加矿体的规模和储量的作用似乎不显著,但却是铜镍硫化物矿床完整的成矿作用过程中的必经环节。
学位年度:2010

江西武山岩体斑岩型铜、钼矿床岩石学研究和隐伏矿预测

题名:江西武山岩体斑岩型铜、钼矿床岩石学研究和隐伏矿预测
作者:楚克磊
学位授予单位:长安大学
关键词:武山斑岩铜矿;;三位一体;;岩石学和地球化学特征;;岩石学特征;;含矿特征
摘要:
 武山铜矿床为环太平洋金属成矿带之下扬子铜硫铁成矿带的组成部份,矿床产于扬子准地台之下扬子台坳中部的长江断裂带南缘,成矿受长江断裂带与北西及北东断裂带的控制,空间上与城门山等斑岩铜矿床同属一个成矿带,成矿地质条件优越,矿产丰富。
 武山铜矿床分南北两个矿带,北矿带为层控硫化物矿床、南矿带为矽卡岩型和斑岩型铜矿床。该三种不同形式的矿体与矿化杂岩体,它Neodymium magnets们在空间上相关,在时间上相近,在成因上有“血缘”联系,含矿热液源自地壳深部,通过不同的途径进入不同成矿围岩介质之中,形成“三位一体”的成矿模式。
 本次研究按照野外异常查证、区域成矿规律总结、典型矿床对比分析、重要矿床(点)剖析的流程开展室内外的综合研究。工作中对武山南矿带的斑岩体及其含矿性进行了重点剖析,通过对矿物学、岩石学、矿床地球化学、同位素地球化学等方面的系统研究,以及对斑岩体含矿部位的圈定,确认了该矿床斑岩体的含矿特征并主要取得以下认识：
 1.斑岩体产状主要为超浅成相岩株,主要岩石类型有闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩、石英二长斑岩、石英闪长玢岩和花岗细晶岩等。矿物成分主要有石英、斜长石、钾长石、角闪石、黑云母等。
 2.武山岩体主要岩石类型为钙碱性系列。斑岩稀土元素特征总体与活动大陆边缘形成的Ⅰ型花岗岩相似。成岩构造环境可能为岛弧花岗岩类(IAG)、大陆弧花岗岩类(CAG),或大陆碰撞带花岗岩(CCG),属高成熟度的火山弧(岛弧)型花岗岩类。
 3.武山斑岩铜矿中酸性斑岩体与矿化强度关系密切。斑岩含矿性明显受岩性控制,石英闪长玢岩和花岗闪长斑岩为主要赋矿岩石。相http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php对富碱的准铝质花岗岩具有较强的形成斑岩型铜矿床的潜在能力。
 4.通过元素相关性分析,预测深部铜矿和钼矿分布于不同岩相部位,可能是新的矿体。
 5.武山斑岩铜矿带位于斑岩体上部,常与内矽卡岩铜矿带接触,构成同一的整体。斑岩钼矿带较集中位于斑岩体中心较深部位(-410560m),从矿体变化趋势看,深部还有一定规模的远景存在。
学位年度:2010

下扬子地区基底特征及其对成矿的控制作用研究

题名:下扬子地区基底特征及其对成矿的控制作用研究
作者:高雅宁
学位授予单位:长安大学
关键词:深部找矿;;下扬子地区;;星子岩群;;董岭岩群;;基底控矿
摘要:
 在国民经济的迅速发展的同时,我国许多矿山,由于开发程度高,开发时间久,正逐年跨入危机矿山这个行列。因此大力开展深部找矿具有突出的重要性和必要性。长江中下游地区(即下扬子地区)成矿带作为环太平洋成矿带的组成部分,是重点开展深部找矿地区。本论文依托《长江中下游基底结构与导矿-控矿要素研究项目》,目的在于研究该区基底构造与三维导矿和控矿构造规律,提出深部找矿靶区,为长江中下游铁铜矿深部找矿突破提供理论和方法支撑,从而更好地服务于国民经济建设。
 在充分搜集和综合研究前人资料的基础上,依托项目实际工作以及研究成果,本论文首先由下扬子地区地质特征入手,总结了地层、构造、Neodymium magnets 岩浆岩的基本特征,归纳了区域构造发展演化史；其次,通过综合研究分析以及项目工作成果,对下扬子地区变质基底结构和构造层进行厘定,将太古代至早元古代形成的变质基底(Ar-Pt1)称为结晶基底,中、晚元古代形成的变质基底(Pt2-Pt3)称之为褶皱基底；并通过研究认为,星子杂岩与其上覆中元古代双桥山群已构成江南隆起带双层基底,故将星子杂岩应归属江南隆起基底区的结晶基底(江南型),而不属于黄陵-随县基底区(即崆岭-董岭地体,江北型)；对下扬子成矿带及其邻区的基底进行了重新划分,共分为八个大区：华北-北秦岭麻粒岩相-角闪岩相-绿片岩相变质基底区、大别角闪岩-麻粒岩相变质基底区、黄陵-随县绿片岩-角闪岩相变质基底区、崆岭-董岭基底区(江北型)江南基底区(江南型)、九岭绿片岩褶皱基底区、怀玉山板岩绿片岩褶皱基底区以及张八岭地体。
 对江南型基底与江北型基底的代表性岩石,即星子岩群和董岭岩群通过总结归纳前人研究资料以及进行地球化学等测试分析后,认为星子岩群的原岩应属基性(或中性)火山岩,董岭岩群的原岩属基性-酸性火山岩、火山碎屑岩和粉砂岩等；星子岩群与董岭岩群的稀土元素和微量元素特征有着明显差异,表明了二者为不同http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php变质结晶作用的产物；星子岩群主要的构造环境是扩张弧后或弧间盆地,火山弧玄武岩。
 基底对成矿的控制作用经过研究认为,基底控制着矿带和矿床的空间分布、基底的起伏与矿田有着比较显著对应关系、基底物质对地区成岩和成矿的物质来源有着重要的贡献作用、基底构造具有重要的控相、控矿作用。
学位年度:2010

A Method Based on Measured Boundary Conditions for Reconstructing Curl-Free Magnetic Field and Its Applications

A Method Based on Measured Boundary Conditions for Reconstructing Curl-Free Magnetic Field and Its Applications

 Magnetic fields play an important role in converting electrical energy to mechanical energy or vise verse. Accurately determining the distribution of the magnetic field in space is fundamental in many engineering applications. A method based on measured boundary conditions for reconstructing the curl-free magnetic field distribution in 3D space is formulated and evaluated in this dissertation. In this method, a magnetic scalar potential obeying Laplace’s equation is defined to describe the curl-free magnetic field. Then, the normal magnetic flux density on the boundary surface is measured by sensor to provide the necessary boundary conditions. Thirdly, the field distribution is computated (reconstructed) by solving the Laplace’s equation of the magnetic scalar potential with the measured boundary conditions. This approach is essentially a coupled measurement-calculation method requiring less costly measurements compared with conventional measurement methods. Compared with conventional computation methods, it relaxes the assumption of known magnetic structures, has higher precision, requires less and easier computation, and its mathematical model is easy to be analytically solved. This reconstruction method which overcomes several short-comings of the existing methods used to determine Magnet lifter magnetic field distribution can be widely used in studies of various magnetic systems.The dissertation begins with a detailed presentation of the reconstruction theory, including the followings; the governing partial differential equation of the curl-free magnetic field, solution of the governing equation with the distribution of the normal magnetic flux density on the boundary surface, an adaptive method based on chord-height criteria to determine the locations for taking measurements, and an estimation method based on iterative optimization to determine the boundary magnetic field in measurement-dead-domain etc. The reconstruction method is then evaluated in the context of two practical applications; electromagnetic flowmeters (pipe and inserted styles) and electromagnetic motors (three-freedom spherical motor and three-phase rotating motor). These practical applications also illustrate and validate the reconstruction method with different magnetic exciting units (electromagnet or permanent magnet), different state magnetic fields (static or quasi-static), different type boundary conditions (Neumann or mixed), different reconstruction spaces (regular or irregular geometries) and different solution methods (numerical, analytical or divisionally analytical). Through this reconstruction method, the energy conversion performances of the flowmeters (mechanical to electrical) and motors (electrical to mechanical) are further investigated. A dry calibration method of the electromagnetic flowmeter based on the reconstruction of the magnetic field in the measuring volume, and an analytical calculation method of the three-freedom spherical motor’s torque based on the reconstruction of the magnetic field around the rotor, are proposed and studied respectively. The dry calibration method determines the sensitivity of the flowmeter transducer through a numerical multi-physics computation. The relative error of the result is smaller than 0.5% (without any correction) compared with the data obtained by the flow-rig method. As requiring no actual flow, the dry calibration is particularly useful for calibrating large-diameter EMFs where conventional flow-rig methods are often costly and difficult to implement. For the electromagnetic motor, the analytically reconstructed magnetic field around the rotor provides a means to calculate the motor torque in closed-form through Lorentz force method, which presents an advantage for motor controls etc.The remainder of the dissertation offers the following:1. The theory for reconstructing curl-free magnetic fieldsThe basic idea of the magnetic field reconstruction method is introduced firstly. A magnetic scalar potential obeying Laplace’s equation is then defined as the governing partial differential equation to describe the curl-free magnetic field. The method to obtain the required boundary conditions for solving the Laplace’s equation is investigated, during which three key problems are especially studied including boundary condition determination, selection of the locations for taking measurements and estimation of the boundary magnetic field in the measurement-dead-domain. For these problems, a solution method with the normal magnetic flux density on the boundary surface, an adaptive measurement method based on chord-height criteria, and an estimation method based on iterative optimization are respectively proposed and studied. Upon above theory studies, a method based on measured boundary conditions for reconstructing the curl-free magnetic field distribution in 3D space is provided.2. Field reconstruction in the measuring volume of electromagnetic flowmeter and its application in dry calibration.Pipe type electromagnetic flowmeter: An automated equipment based on the proposed Hall probe scanning method is developed to measure the normal component of the magnetic flux density on the boundary surface of the measuring pipe. With the measured boundary condition, the magnetic field distribution in the measuring pipe is reconstructed. During this progress, the efficient methods to determine the locations for taking measurements and the estimation method of the measurement-dead-domain field are applied and validated. The mathematical model of the electromagnetic flow measurement is studied. Next, a method numerically solving a coupled set of multi-physic equations with measured boundary conditions for the magnetic, electric and flow fields in the flowmeter is proposed and studied to determine the sensitivity of the flowmeter transducer. The method was experimentally verified by comparing the dry calibrated sensitivity of an actual flowmeter against a standard flow-rig test, and by examining the effects of distorted inflow on the sensitivity.Inserted type electromagnetic flowmeter: To realize the magnetic field reconstruction in the irregular geometry space around the flow velocity probe, numerical and divisionally analytical methods are studied respectively.3. Field reconstruction in the working space of an electromagnetic motor and its application in torque calculationThree-DOF spherical motor: With the experimental data obtained by previous researches, numerical and analytical reconstruction methods of the magnetic field around the rotor are studied and validated. In addition, the effect of measurement noise on the accuracy of the adaptive method has been investigated. With the analytical reconstruction model of the magnetic field around the rotor, an analytical calculation model of the motor torque based on Lorentz force law is obtained and experimentally validated against published data.Three-phase rotating motor: The Hall sensor array method is applied to measure the component of the normal magnetic flux density distribution on the boundary region corresponding to one characteristic set of the stator in real time. The field distribution on the whole boundary is estimated from the measured data, based on its periodic feature along the boundary. Then, dynamical reconstruction method of the quasi-static no-curl magnetic field in the working space is studied and validated. 更多还原

Research on the Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Drive System for Electromagnetic Launcher

Research on the Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Drive System for Electromagnetic Launcher
　　With the development of modern-ocean military, the carrier fighting capability of the aircraft was urgently required to be stronger and stronger. It proposed an extremely high requirement for the aircraft carrier launching device which was used in driving the carrier-based aircraft taking off, so the present steam launching device is difficult to meet the huge mass launching condition. Compared to steam launching device, the electromagnetic launching device has become the researching focus benefiting for its little mass, small volume, high efficiency, low maintain cost and high control precision character. But, at present, the research on electromagnetic launching device is a new area in Neodymium Magnets our country. By the domestic military power developing, the aircraft carrier is necessary equipment for our country, so the carrying research on electromagnetic launching has great significance for enhancing our country military force, manufacturing top weapon, breaking the foreign technology blockade, shorten the distance between our country and military powerful country, boost the national defense career and safeguarding the word peace.The dissertation inosculate the aircraft carrier launching device requirement that large thrust, low torque fluctuation and high speed performance, designed the electromagnetic launching system driving scheme, which based on autonomous decentralized architecture. And take further researching on its driving system structure, position detection, control scheme and fault tolerance.
　　On this basis, the prototype test platform for electromagnetic launching driving system was built independently, which is composed of AC permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), lower volt AC servo controller and linear displacement sensor. And, the validity and accuracy of this method for electromagnetic launching performance requirement which was proposed in the dissertation were verified through the experimental results.According to the electromagnetic launching technology requirement, the factors which influence the efficiency of electromagnetic launching driving system were analyzed, and the method that adopts cogging PMLSM in low speed interval and adopts slotless PMLSM in high speed interval to enhancing the system efficiency in launching process was proposed. In order to enhance the manufacturability and the modular error repair ability, the AC permanent magnet linear synchronous motor driving system structure which is composed by stator modular was proposed.
　　As to release the driving system power supply requirement and enhance the control stability, the method that using little power motor modular combination to instead huge power motor was proposed. The finite element method to deeply research on AC permanent magnetic linear synchronous motor was adopted. And the polar distance influence on motor power density http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/en/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets and the structure parameter influence on thrust and thrust fluctuation in cogging motor and slotless motor were analyzed to provide a reference principle for design on the AC permanent magnet linear synchronous motor that used in electromagnetic launching.In order to realize high speed servo control for driving system, in position detection unit, three phase and six component signal pick-up method basing on hall effect were adopted, and the signal error that induced by assembling deviation and zero-drift was eliminated by difference processing method. At the same time, based on the lookup signal processing algorithm, the two column magnetic steel arrangement which contains the lookup column and encoding column were adopted. The linear magnetic grid displacement sensor was designed. The experimental results show that the sensor could get a high resolution, and it establish the foundation for realizing absolutely displacement high precision detection and high speed motor control.According to the defect exist in traditional integrate control, decentralized autonomous control method was proposed, and the autonomous decentralized system control structure was constructed.
　　The vector control electro-magnet model and electro-magnet thrust model for permanent magnet synchronous motor were derivated, and a theoretical basis for its implementation was provided. In the permanent synchronous control under decentralized autonomous structure, in order to enhance the current responding character, the back EMF compensation method was adopted, and its validity by the simulation was verified. At the same time, in order to enhance the velocity detection precision and solving the delay question result by velocity feed back, the state observer in the mechanical loop to obtain the real-time position and velocity feed back, were introduced, as to enhance the velocity responding frequency and the position control precision of the permanent magnet synchronous linear motor.In order to enhance the redundancy of the electromagnetic launching drive system, 8 polar 12 slot integrate winding permanent magnet synchronous linear motor was taken as the main research object. The total magneto motive mathematical model was derivated when single phase stator modulars failure, as well as single modular, double modulars, and three phase intercross modulars failure situation. On this basis, in order to maintain the total magneto motive unchanged, the current mathematical compensation model in different situation was derivated, the magneto motive compensation was realized, and instantaneous thrust the same with the normal situation was ensured, which even more enhance the reliability and the error dealing ability.The cogging principle prototype in low speed interval and slotless principle prototype in high speed interval for experiment system was developed, and test on its performance was taken. The experimental results proved the validity of adopting cogging PMLSM in low speed interval and slotless PMLSM in high speed interval could enhance the system efficiency, it also testified the correctness of the current compensation models when different modulars failure. These researches in the dissertation established the application foundation that using electromagnetic launching technology in aircraft carrier launching device could realize high precision, high power launching.

Research on the Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Drive System for Electromagnetic Launcher

Research on the Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Drive System for Electromagnetic Launcher
　　With the development of modern-ocean military, the carrier fighting capability of the aircraft was urgently required to be stronger and stronger. It proposed an extremely high requirement for the aircraft carrier launching device which was used in driving the carrier-based aircraft taking off, so the present steam launching device is difficult to meet the huge mass launching condition. Compared to steam launching device, the electromagnetic launching device has become the researching focus benefiting for its little mass, small volume, high efficiency, low maintain cost and high control precision character. But, at present, the research on electromagnetic launching device is a new area in our country. By the domestic military power developing, the aircraft carrier is necessary equipment for rare earth magnets our country, so the carrying research on electromagnetic launching has great significance for enhancing our country military force, manufacturing top weapon, breaking the foreign technology blockade, shorten the distance between our country and military powerful country, boost the national defense career and safeguarding the word peace.
　　The dissertation inosculate the aircraft carrier launching device requirement that large thrust, low torque fluctuation and high speed performance, designed the electromagnetic launching system driving scheme, which based on autonomous decentralized architecture. And take further researching on its driving system structure, position detection, control scheme and fault tolerance. On this basis, the prototype test platform for electromagnetic launching driving system was built independently, which is composed of AC permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), lower volt AC servo controller and linear displacement sensor. And, the validity and accuracy of this method for electromagnetic launching performance requirement which was proposed in the dissertation were verified through the experimental results.According to the electromagnetic launching technology requirement, the factors which influence the efficiency of electromagnetic launching driving system were analyzed, and the method that adopts cogging PMLSM in low speed interval and adopts slotless PMLSM in high speed interval to enhancing the system efficiency in launching process was proposed. In order to enhance the manufacturability and the modular error repair ability, the AC permanent magnet linear synchronous motor driving system structure which is composed by stator modular was proposed. As to release the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php driving system power supply requirement and enhance the control stability, the method that using little power motor modular combination to instead huge power motor was proposed.
　　The finite element method to deeply research on AC permanent magnetic linear synchronous motor was adopted. And the polar distance influence on motor power density and the structure parameter influence on thrust and thrust fluctuation in cogging motor and slotless motor were analyzed to provide a reference principle for design on the AC permanent magnet linear synchronous motor that used in electromagnetic launching.In order to realize high speed servo control for driving system, in position detection unit, three phase and six component signal pick-up method basing on hall effect were adopted, and the signal error that induced by assembling deviation and zero-drift was eliminated by difference processing method. At the same time, based on the lookup signal processing algorithm, the two column magnetic steel arrangement which contains the lookup column and encoding column were adopted. The linear magnetic grid displacement sensor was designed. The experimental results show that the sensor could get a high resolution, and it establish the foundation for realizing absolutely displacement high precision detection and high speed motor control.According to the defect exist in traditional integrate control, decentralized autonomous control method was proposed, and the autonomous decentralized system control structure was constructed. The vector control electro-magnet model and electro-magnet thrust model for permanent magnet synchronous motor were derivated, and a theoretical basis for its implementation was provided. In the permanent synchronous control under decentralized autonomous structure, in order to enhance the current responding character, the back EMF compensation method was adopted, and its validity by the simulation was verified.
　　At the same time, in order to enhance the velocity detection precision and solving the delay question result by velocity feed back, the state observer in the mechanical loop to obtain the real-time position and velocity feed back, were introduced, as to enhance the velocity responding frequency and the position control precision of the permanent magnet synchronous linear motor.In order to enhance the redundancy of the electromagnetic launching drive system, 8 polar 12 slot integrate winding permanent magnet synchronous linear motor was taken as the main research object. The total magneto motive mathematical model was derivated when single phase stator modulars failure, as well as single modular, double modulars, and three phase intercross modulars failure situation. On this basis, in order to maintain the total magneto motive unchanged, the current mathematical compensation model in different situation was derivated, the magneto motive compensation was realized, and instantaneous thrust the same with the normal situation was ensured, which even more enhance the reliability and the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php error dealing ability.The cogging principle prototype in low speed interval and slotless principle prototype in high speed interval for experiment system was developed, and test on its performance was taken. The experimental results proved the validity of adopting cogging PMLSM in low speed interval and slotless PMLSM in high speed interval could enhance the system efficiency, it also testified the correctness of the current compensation models when different modulars failure. These researches in the dissertation established the application foundation that using electromagnetic launching technology in aircraft carrier launching device could realize high precision, high power launching.

Study on the Parameter Matching, Coordinated Control and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Study on the Parameter Matching, Coordinated Control and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
　　The important direction of developing creative technology in automotive industry all over the world is developing the vehicle with energy conservation and enviroN.mental protection functions, especially electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), which have already been inevitable choice of sustainable development of automotive industry.With the high power density and high efficiency for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), it has become the best competitor in all the type traction motors for hybrid electric car and the trend of motor development in the future. This paper mainly analyzed the characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motor, combining with the motor’s specific needs on hybrid electric vehicle. In order to improve the rare earth magnets economy of the vehicle, develop a more reasonable method for matching the motor parameters, hybrid powertrain coordinated control and a comprehensive motor performance evaluation.The paper included the followings:1. Issue related to permanent magnet synchronous motor for HEV.
　　The critical technology for HEV traction motor has been understood through reading plenty of reference documents. The parameter matching and coordinated control ,performance evaluation for traction motor based on permanent magnet synchronous motor features of HEV in this paper were defined as interface issue of traction motor and whole vehicle. The problem was proposed is difference from "traction motor control", it is told that the emphases on this paper was the cross regions between traction motor and HEV, so the research repeatability was avoided.2. Analysis on HEV traction motor performance demands.There are multiply types and structures of vehicle traction motor, so are HEVs. It is necessary to deduce various performance demands of traction motors from the view of improving vehicle driving performance.On the aspects of analogical, digital static and dynamic http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php control performance, The performance indexes of HEV traction motor were qualitatively or quantitatively presented.Besides, The more emphasis on the analysis of constant power region, high efficiency region and overload region of traction motors, and their features and relations were put, among which the relation between basic speed ratio range and constant power region was deduced and proofed in detail.
　　The conclusion was drawed that once the whole vehicle structure was confirmed, then basic speed ratio range of traction motor will be decided. Take Toyota Pruis for example, the influence on fuel economy about efficiency region of traction motor was quantitatively analyzed.The foundation of HEV design and control were established by analyzing on HEV traction motor performance demand.3.Parameter matching of HEV traction motors based on permanent magnet synchronous motor system loss model.A method that parameter matching of HEV traction motor based on permanent magnet synchronous motor system loss model was proposed.This method can not only guarantee the dynamics performance of car, but aslo can improve fuel economy.The PMSM and controller loss model was established, which can calculate the efficiency of motor system rapidly and instantly. Using both whole automotive simulation software ADVISOR and optimization software modeFRONTIER to simulate cooperatively, several typical driving cycle was choosed, such as NEDC, UDDS and china commercial vehicle cycle, to calculator, then optimized performance parameters of motor were determined. At the same time, three motor matching methods were compared on terms of effects on whole automotive economical performance and power. It was proved to be that the matching method based on PMSM loss model and proposed can determine a set of optimized motor parameter in suitable driving cycle, so the control has a certain value in engineering.4.Study on the coordinated control strategy for the HEV based on the motor temperature rise performance.Necessities of HEV dynamic coordinated control are analyzed, so the problem that the performance of traction motor become bad or even self-protection due to temperature rise is summarized into HEV coordinated control strategy.What’s more, the Radiate principle of PMSM and motor exotherm effect on torque and efficiency of traction motor were studied in this paper, and the concept of temperature modulate coefficient, was brought up. Based on experience formula and motor test data, not only the vehicle simulation software ADVISOR was further developed, but also thermodynamic model of HEV permanent magnet motor in Matlab/Simulink was established.
　　The coordinated control strategy for the HEV based on the motor temperature rise performance was proposed.Choosing BESTURN HEV edition as simulation platform, and the simulation research on motor temperature rise in 25 UDDS cycle and 27 NEDC cycle was carried. The results proved that the coordinated control strategy proposed in this paper can settle the problem that motor temperature rise highly can lead to lower dynamics performance of the vehicle , also reduced the frequency for motor failure.5.The performance evaluation of traction motor for HEV based on grey relation degree approach to multiple attribute decision making.Assessment and synthesis of various HEV traction motors system influence factor were usually described in mathematical way based on classic set theory, but due to its own limitation, not fit for engineering application. Grey system correlations analyzing theory was the most efficient way to study and solve this problem, which using a small amount of http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php data models, aiming at establishing differential equation model, possessing dynamic and devoted to investigation of reality principles.According to all kinds of traction motor basic performance and HEV working mode demands, this paper prosposed an evaluation flow and established“the three horizontals and the two verticals”assessment index system framework of traction motor system. With reference to the motor body design, motor control and driving cycle of vehicle,considering of methods for test and simlation ,the system adopted multiple attribute decision making grey degree of association algorithm, which equally generalized the index in current assessment framework to the comprehensive performance assessment system.At last,a new comprehensive evaluation method for the traction motor for HEV was established.
　　Take traction motors of hybrid electric bus of FAW for example, an evaluation was proceeded for different type traction motor in the same driving cycle.Take traction motors of BESTURN HEV for example, an evaluation was proceeded for one motor in the different driving cycles.The result proved that the evaluation system established has a favorable applicability.6.Permanent magnetism synchronous motor and HEV bench test.In order to verify HEV traction motor demand performance indicators, Besturn hybrid car traction motor and vehicle bench test were carried out. The proposed permanent magnet synchronous motor performance indicators were as the key points. The results showed that the matching of traction motor performance demand was met. To verify HEV control strategy and control function performance, Besturn hybrid bench tests were based on the NEDC, and the final results show that the basic logic threshold control strategy could meet the requirements of the vehicle. Built a hybrid vehicle virtual test platform which is based on 25 consecutive UDDS virtual test cycle conditions, by running long periods to simulate the temperature rise.What is more , the test results proved that the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php coordinated strategy based on the traction motor thermodynamic model can decrease motor failure rate .The thesis was the basis for hybrid electric vehicle research and development work. Focus on the performance requirements, design and evaluation methods for the Hybrid electric vehicle traction motor and as the significance that could optimize the vehicle design and control, reduce vehicle costs, and enhance hybrid vehicle market competitiveness.

Research on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Variable Magnetic Reluctance Field Adjustment

Research on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Variable Magnetic Reluctance Field Adjustment
　　Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) which takes the advantages of small capacity, light weight, high efficiency and good control characteristics gets more and more applications in each field in recent years. However, the excitation of PMSM cannot be adjusted which make PMSM take a narrow constant power operation range and limit the applications. Flux weakening for traditional PMSM is accomplished by increasing the d-axis current and utilizing the armature reaction. But this method brings more copper loss, reduces the effiency of the driving system and takes the risk of demagnizting inreversibly. So taking further research on the motor structure which has wide constant power operation range and flux weakening method is still an important topic of motor and control field at the present time.We firstly present a scheme of a variable magnetic reluctance PMSM (VMRPMSM) based on the field adjustment. We formulate the structure of the VMRPMSM and then build the no-load equivalent magnetic circuit model.
　　We calculate magnetic reluctance rare earth magnets of each component in the magnetic circuit and research on the magnetic reluctance of the nonmagnetic conductor and the variable rule between the magnetic reluctance and the shape of the nonmagnetic conductor; then we analze the flux weakening principle of VMRPMSM according to magnetic circuit calculation of the airgap magnetic flux and the phasor diagram of the flux weakening process for the motor.The position of the permanent magnet in the slot determines the magnetic reluctance which passed by the magnetic flux produced by the permanent magent. But the position of the permanent magnet is dicided by the resultant force on the permanent magnet. We analyze the centrifugal force and friction force in turn and emphasize on the electromagnetic force. We build the force model of the permanent magents and analize the electromagnetic force that the permanent magents are in different position of the slot. We use finite element method to research on the variable rule of the electromagnetic force from the aspects of permanent magnet position, the shape of nonmagnetic conductor, motor saturation, charge magnetism length of PM, PM material performance and airgap length, especially for the effecto of the nonmagnetic conductor to the electromagnetic force.
　　In the process of speed vaiation, we analyze the motion law of permanent magnet in the slot and the regulating performance of the airgap magnetic field based on the difference analysis of force on permanent magnet between the raising and reducing speed of the motor. We research on the relationship between the no-load air gap magnetic density and the back electromotive force (EMF) and s which is the distance between the main and sencondary http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php permanent magnets, and analyze the difference of in the raising and reducting speed process of the motor, and test in the prototype. We use finite element method to simulate the result of flux weakening and research on the performance in the flux weakening process.The permanent magnet of the new PMSM divides into two parts in the PM slot, which is different from the traditional PMSM, and we analyze the interpolar leakage coefficent and inductance in order to design the new PMSM better. We analyze the influencing factor of leakage flux according to the definition and research on the variation law of the interpolar leakage coefficent from the aspects of airgap length, magnetic bridge length, PM size, PM movement, the shape of nonmagnetic conductor and PM material. We research on the influencing factor of inductance according to the formular and the magnetic flux distributions in different excitations and use finite element method to research on the variation law of inductance from the aspects of thickness of PM, magnetic bridge size, current satruration, the shape of nonmagnetic conductor and PM movement. Based on the analysis of parameters we research on the effect of parameters variation of the motor to the flux weakening performance.The theoretical analysis and the experimental research indicate that the variable magnetic reluctance PMSM based on the magnetic field adjustment take the features of easy flux weakening control method, easy speed adjustment and high system efficiency which provides a new and effective programme for increasing the performance of speed regulation for the PMSM driving system.

Research on Robust Control Strategy of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor

Research on Robust Control Strategy of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor
　　The paper is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China“Research of High-precision Micro feed PMLSM AC Servo System”(NO.59875061). The paper researched on the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) servo system used in modern advanced NC machine tool. For the characteristic of direct drive and the requirements of robustness and tracking performance for the servo system in NC machine tools, this paper focused on the control issues for the PMLSM servo system with the uncertainties of parameter changes and load disturbances. Main contents of the paper are stated as the follows.Based on analyzing the uncertainties of the Neodymium magnets permanent magnet linear synchronous motor servo system, for the uncertainty of PMLSM specific caused by strong end effect disturbance, a robust tracking control strategy was put forward in which the Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) is applied in PMLSM robust servo system. Frequency-domain theory is used to design the QFT robust controller, which is adopted as the speed controller. In addition, the uncertain scope of the object and system performance index were used in a quantitative manner to form the boundary in the Nichols chart, so as to conduct system design and shaping on the Nichols chart under the condition that the open-loop frequency curve of the reference object meets the boundary conditions, The pre-filter was designed to compensate for the dynamic performance of the system. Simulation results show that the control scheme can effectively suppress the impact on the servo performance motor, which results from the uncertainties such as parameters change and other disturbances, enhance the dynamic tracking performance, as well as improve the accuracy of the system to a great degree.The traditional design of QFT needs to conduct loop shaping on the Nichols chart so as to obtain a controller, which causes some inconvenience in the design.
　　Therefore, this paper proposed H_∞control method instead of charting to obtain a controller. By means of the rational selections of the uncertainty weighting function, the high-frequency noise suppression weight function and the sensitivity weight function, H_∞control is used to obtain QFT speed controller based on linear matrix inequalities. The proposed method not only simplifies the QFT design steps, but also guarantees that a pre-filter makes the system output response satisfy the performance requirements. Simulation results show that the robust tracking controller for PMLSM based on combing QFT and H_∞control method improves the performance of the system greatly.In order to further increase tracking performance and robust performance of the linear motor servo system, the control method combing the H_∞robust control and sliding mode control(SMC) Neodymium magnets was applied to permanent magnet linear synchronous motor servo system. Sliding mode controller ensures fast tracking performance, while the H_∞robust controller suppresses a variety of disturbances within the closed-loop system and improves the performance. Simulation results show that the robust tracking controller combing the sliding mode and H_∞control method for permanent magnet linear synchronous motor shows good tracking performance, and presents strong robustness on the changes in http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php system parameters.PMLSM experimental system platform was built on the dual-linear motor loading scheme. PID control method, QFT/ H_∞control method and sliding mode/ H_∞robust control method were compared in the experiments under the circumstances of the speed loop sudden loaded and parameters change. The comparative experimental results verifie the validity of control strategies proposed in theoretical analysis and simulation.

Multiphase Permanent Magnet Machines: Theory Analysis and Control

Multiphase Permanent Magnet Machines: Theory Analysis and Control
　　Thanks to the advantages of both multiphase machines and permanent magnet machines, multiphase permanent magnet machines (MPM) are well suitable for the high power electric machine drive applications. And the rapid development of interrelated science and technology brings out the expansion of the application fields of MPM. As a typical interdisciplinary product, MPM based adjusted speed drive system is becoming a new direction of the electric machine research and a focus of a substantial worldwide attention of the researchers. It is worth to investigate the fundamental theory and control strategies of MPM. In this thesis, the MPM with integral slots per pole per phase and full pitched windings is studied. The magnetic motive force (MMF) harmonics of the multiphase Neodymium magnets windings with various structures are analyzed. The influence of the different wave shapes of the back electromotive force (back-EMF) and the phase currents on the electromagnetic torque is studied and compared.
　　An improved method to minimize the cogging torque is proposed. Precise mathematical modeling and simulation methods for MPM are studied. And the system solutions of the MPM adjusted speed drives as well as the novel control strategies are researched.Using winding function method, the analytical expressions of the MMF of multiphase winding are deduced, and the spectrums of MMF harmonics of the windings with different number of phases are figured. The quality factor and usability rate of the MMF harmonics are defined, and are regarded as the criterion for comparison. From the viewpoint of the MMF harmonics, under current harmonic injection mode, the electromagnetic torque characteristic of the nine-phase permanent magnet machine with symmetrical winding connection is optimal, which coincides with the conclusion drawn by analyzing with the back-EMF and the phase currents.An improved pole arc combination method for reducing the cogging torque of the permanent magnet machines is presented. The rotor is consisted with several segments along the axial direction with different pole arc widths. With this method, the rotor structure can keep symmetrical, and it is easy to process. In addition, the sensitivity of the processing error is receded.The phase-variable modeling method based on finite element analysis is adopted to the MPM. An improved modeling method based on circuit components is proposed, which has the advantages of both the S-function based model and the circuit component based model.
　　The simulation efficiency is greatly improved and the simulation accuracy is comparable with the finite element analysis. According to the characteristic of the nine-phase permanent magnet machine, the windings are divided into three units, and the mutual inductances between the winding units are neglected when designing the control method, then each unit can be regarded as a non-sinusoidal three-phase permanent magnet machine. Based on the instantaneous http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php power theory, a novel optimal reference current control method is proposed. For given electromagnetic torque, the optimal reference current can be calculated directly provided that the data of the winding inductances and no-load flux is obtained already. With the optimal reference current, the permanent magnet machine can get maximal torque per ampere without torque ripple. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by finite element analysis. And this method is suitable for any kinds of three-phase permanent magnet machines.In the conventional vector control based on Park transformation, the d-axis is fixed on the direct-axis of the rotor, and the decoupling control can be realized by maintain the d-axis current equal to zero. However, the reluctance torque can not be used and only the fundamental harmonic of the current can be tracked. A novel vector control strategy based on the generalized synchronous rotating frame (named D-Q frame) is presented. The Q-axis is oriented on the back-EMF of electromechanical energy conversion, which is the same with the d-axis only in a non-salient sinusoidal permanent magnet machine. The maximal torque per ampere vector control can be implemented by holding the D-axis current be zero. Simulation results show that the dynamic and steady state performance of the proposed vector control for non-sinusoidal permanent magnet machines are http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php similar with the conventional vector control for sinusoidal permanent magnet machines. The proposed vector control strategy is then used in the control system of the nine-phase permanent magnet machine, and the simulation results validate its feasibility.

Study on Key Technology and Evaluation on Green Property of Permanent Magnet Generator in Agricultural Vehicle

Study on Key Technology and Evaluation on Green Property of Permanent Magnet Generator in Agricultural Vehicle
　　Generator is the necessity and main power supplier on agricultural vehicle, which acts very provical function and impartible composeing part. Currently, the ordinary usage of generator in agricultural vehicle is silicon rectification and alternator generator, which produce maganent field by winding electro-magnetic. In this process, the power which goes through the electro-magnetic unit can not transfer into magnet for producing electorcity. Most of power is consumed by heat which induced in the winding. On the same time, the silicon rectification and alternator generators are easy to be burned and cut, which need to be supplied current by accumulator. All of them need to increase the cost in production and application. With the developing of vehicle industry, the generation Neodymium magnets should have higher reliability, longer life-span, more power and upper rotation speedy. They need a new green generation generator which has the capability to improve low speed supply performance. Obviously, the silicon rectification and alternator generators can not satisfy the development and demands of vehicle industry. The topics of this dissertation were proposed uner the background mentioned above. By using the high magnet character of Nd-Iron-Boron thulium permanent-magnet material, we can design the permanent-magnet generator for agricultural vehicle, which can make up for the sortcomings in silicon rectification and alternator generators and meet the needs of vehicle industry. With the advanced structure and characters, the new material can substitute the silicon rectification and alternator generators and enhance the technical level in vehicle power instruments and technology in vehicle industry.
　　The main research works and conclusion can be described as follow1. The material choice and electro-magnet design for agricultural vehicle. By comparing the romance magnetic induction ( B r), coercive coerce ( H c), magnet power product ( ( B ? H)), temperature coefficient (%/°C), specific gravity (g/cm3) and ratio resistance capability (μΩ/cm) of Nd-Iron-Boron thulium permanent-magnet material, the thulium permanent-magnet material has more advanced merit in generator manufacture. Based on the optimal design of thulium permanent-magnet material, the radial excitation structure and magnetic route calculation, volumeter calculation on Nd-Iron-Boron thulium permanent-magnet material, calculation for winding circle for each posture, calculation on armature feedback, voltage balance module and equivalence were proposed in this dissertation, which can prove the advantage of permanent magnet in-phase generator.2. The design and simulation for permanent magnet generator voltage stable commutate circuit. Based on the characters of permanent magnet generator, according to the theory of four-phase half-wave commutate circuit and theory of self-stable voltage in generator, the design of four-phase half-wave controllable commutate circuit for permanent magnet generator was proposed in this dissertation, which involved four-phase half-wave controllable commutate circuit, benchmark circuit, voltage signal sampling circuit and spring circuit.
　　By applying the design of protection circuit and over voltage protection circuit in permanent magnet generator, the security and safety for application of permanent magnet generator in agricultural vehicle will be enforced. By using Simulink Software, a commutating stable voltage circuit module was established. By changing the variable coefficient, we can identify the effect to the function of generator with the change of stimulating coefficients.3. The green design and evaluation for permanent magnet in agricultural vehicle. By using the analysis on the conception and characters of green production, the green appraisal indexes are identified which include environmental property, http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php energy source property, resources property, economy property and time property. On the same time, all of the indexes can be divided into input indexes and output indexes. In the survey at Wuzheng Company, we got three series of data for different type of agricultural vehicle. By using the peer appraisal method, we can calculate the green property in cross efficiency for different type of agricultural vehicle. As result, the green property of agricultural vehicle with Nd-Iron-Boron thulium permanent-magnet generator was ranked on the first comparing to the other two type of agricultural vehicle. For pinning down the range of green property, the aggressive and tolerant models are calculated for the three types of agricultural vehicles. The range for agricultural vehicle with Nd-Iron-Boron thulium permanent-magnet generator is shorter than agricultural vehicles with ferrite permanent magnet generator and silicon commutate generators, whose upper bound is the value of tolerant efficiency and lower bound is aggressive efficiency. Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that agricultural vehicle with Nd-Iron-Boron thulium permanent-magnet generator has higher green property.4. Life cycle assessment and analysis on agricultural vehicle.
　　In the process of permanent magnet generator industrialization, the life cycle assessment and analysis on agricultural vehicle is significant. Based on the basic frame of LCA, the LCA process for agricultural vehicle with permanent magnet generator can be listed as Identification of Goal and scope, Inventory Analysis, Impact Assessment and Interpretation & Improvement Analysis. According to the characters of permanent magnet generator, the shortcomings in LCA process were proposed in this section.5. The incompatibility issues in the research system of agricultural vehicle with permanent magnet generator. Identify the contradictions in the process of design and popularize on agricultural vehicle with permanent magnet generator. For the main issues, the extension analysis was proposed in this dissertation. On the same time, the extension strategy collection can be drawn for resolve the contradiction issues. By establishing the extension model of human resource incompatibility issue, the kernel issue can be identified. Then, we can calculate the compatibility for the kernel issue. http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php In the scope of integrating internal and external resources in the process of research design and extension application system, by using the radiation analysis on conditions and applying corresponding extension transformation, the extension strategy for resolving human resource incompatibility. The second judgment for compatibility was also applied in this section. At last, the human resource incompatibility issue was transfer into the compatibility issue in the process of design and popularize for agricultural vehicle with permanent magnet generator.

Studies on Several Problems of Permanent Magnet Motor Control System

Studies on Several Problems of Permanent Magnet Motor Control System
　　As the development of permanent magnetic materials and advanced control technology, permanent magnet motor draws people’s great attention by the advantage of its simple structure, smaller size, light weight, low loss, high efficiency and so on, and is also used more and more widely in industry, agriculture, national defense and daily life. According to the difference between induced electromotive force and drive current of permanent magnet motor, permanent magnet motor can be divided into permanent magnet brushless DC motor (Brushless DC Motor, BLDCM) and permanent magnet synchronous motor (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, PMSM). BLDCM is applied great extensively into electric cars, home appliances and other control fields as Neodymium magnets the merit of its high power density, simple control and low cost, but also with the disadvantage of bigger torque ripple and large core excess loss.
　　So, its application have much restrict in servo drive system with the requirements of high-precision and high performance (especially in low-speed direct drive occasions). Because of the excellence of its high power factor, fast dynamic response, wide speed range as well as stable operation, greater overload performance and so on, PMSM gradually becomes the main part of the drive motor in modern industrial control systems, but also with relatively complex control system. So, the various problems on PMSM control systems have benn highly concerned. Based on the analysis to the present control models of permanent magnet motor, profound research is carried on the several questions to permanent magnet motor control system in this paper, and the main research results are as follows:1. On the basis of having a explicit description about the structure, working principle, mathematical model, three-phase six-state PWM control mode of BLDCM, the characteristic of five kinds of chopped waves are analyzed and compared. Have given BLDCM out working four quadrants. Based on control method of adopting low-speed energy feedback in braking, a voltage pump-raised circuit is proposed to release excess feedback energy, and the simulation and experiment results both show correctness and feasibility of the circuit.2. Have given PMSM out various of vector control strategies based http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ on rotary coordinates d-q axis. As conventional speed regulator and position regulator cannot meet the characteristic of fast dynamic response to high-performance PMSM, the method of variable structure combined with differential negative feedback as well as variable structure method are introduced respectively into speed regulator and position regulator. The simulation and experiment results both show that the dual variable structure control system can effectively optimize the fast dynamic response of the whole system.
　　3. Taken the mathematical model of PMSM as the starting point, the control method of sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor is analyzed profoundly. Sliding mode state observer is designed to achieve the estimation of permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor position and speed sensor, conbined with control method of sliding mode variable structure, and the strategy about inductance parameter(Ld,Lq) in dq coordinate system, phase resistance rs and the flux factor (?)f are calculated according to measuring the static three-phase motor inductance and resistance parameters of PMSM. The experimental results show that the method is feasible.4. For the starting difficulties about sensorless PMSM, steady-state model of PMSM is established to realize the estimation of low speed rotor position and velocity so as to complete permanent magnet synchronous motor starting process. This method can effectively achieve steady start of sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor with a simple algorithm, starting current, switching smooth, high reliability, and experimental results show that the method is correct and effective5. For the probem of sliding mode shaking about using sliding variable structure to realize permanent magnet synchronous motor sensorless vector control, Kalman filter is applied http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ at the output of EMF. Then, sign switching function sign(s) is replaced by saturation function sat(s), so as to make sliding observer-EMF waveform become more smooth and accurate, and also more suitable for high performance applications. Smulation results show the method is correct and feasible.

Preparation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Yb3+-actived Near-

Preparation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Yb3+-actived Near-infrared Downconversion Phosphor and Gd2O3: Bi3+, Eu3+ Phosphor

 The research content of this thesis consists of two parts:the research on near-infrared dwonconversion materials, which is discussed from Chapter 2 to Chapter 4, and the research on LED phosphor, which is discussed in Chapter 5.Chapter 1 is the introduction to the study. It discusses briefly the research background and the basic knowledge. First, the research spot of rare-earth luminescent materials is given. Then, the basic principles of photoluminescence and luminescence properties of rare-earth ions are discussed. At last, an introduction of quantum cutting and so-gel process is presented.In the part of near-infrared downconversion materials, Chapter 2 discusses the research background and the research progress on this topic at first. Then, in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, the preparation, characterization and luminescent properties of Y2O3:Bi3+,Yb3+, Y2O3:Eu3+,Yb3+, YVO4:Yb3+are discussed in detail. The research contents and conclusions are listed below:1. Bi3+and Yb3+codoped cubic Y2O3 phosphors were prepared by pechini sol-gel method. Strong near-infrared (NIR) emission around 980 nm from Yb3+(2F5/2→2F7/2) was observed under ultraviolet light excitation. A broad excitation band ranging from 320 to 360 nm owing to the 6s2→6s6p transition of Bi3+ions was recorded when the Magnetic lifter Yb3+emission was monitored, which suggests a very efficient energy transfer from Bi3+ions to Yb3+ions. The Yb3+concentration dependence of both the Bi3+and the Yb3+emission was investigated. The decay curve of Bi3+emission under the excitation of 355 nm pulse laser was used to explore the Bi3+→Yb3+energy transfer process. It has been demonstrated that Bi3+ion can efficiently transfer their energy to two neighbouring Yb3+through the CET process. The results indicate that this material has potential application in the high efficiency silicon-based solar cells by downconversion of one UV photon which is almost useless in the silicon solar cell to two NIR photons around 980 nm where the Si solar Cell exhibits the greatest spectral response.2. Yb3+and Eu3+codoped Y2O3 phosphors with different doping concentration were synthesized by a pechini sol-gel method. Under 980 nm laser excitation, red emission (5Do-7FJ (J=0,1,2)) of Eu3+is observed in cubic Y2O3 codoped with Eu3+ and Yb3+. The doping concentration and laser power dependence of the upconverted emission were studied. The two photon process (cooperative energy transfer process) is discussed as the possible mechanisms for the red UC luminescence. Yb3+emission around 1000 nm (2F5/2-2F7/2) is reported upon excitation of Eu3+ions. The decay curves of 5DJ (J=0,2) emission of Eu3+under excitation of 266 nm pulse laser were used to investigate the Eu3+→Yb3+energy transfer process. Two energy transfer processes, cooperative energy transfer process and cross-relaxation process, are proved to make a contribution to the Eu3+→Yb3+energy transfer.3. Upon ultraviolet (UV) light excitation, an intense near-infrared (NIR) emission of Yb3+(2F5/2→2F7/2) around 980 nm was observed in YVO4:Yb3+phosphors. Owing to host absorption of YVO4, a broad excitation band ranging from 250 to 350 nm was recorded when the Yb3+emission was monitored, which suggests an efficient energy transfer from host to Yb3+ions. The Yb3+concentration dependence of the visible vanadate emission as well as the Yb3+emission were investigated. The decay curve of vanadate emission was measured under the excitation of a 266 nm pulsed laser. The decay time of the vanadate emission at 500 nm was remarkably reduced by introducing Yb3+ions, further verifying that the energy transfer from the vanadate host to the Yb3+ions is very efficient. Cooperative energy transfer (CET) is discussed as a possible mechanism for the NIR emission. The YVO4:Yb3+phosphor can convert each UV photon into two NIR photons via cooperative energy transfer, which has potential application in the high efficiency silicon-based solar cells. The calculated quantum efficiency can reach as high as 185.7%for the sample doped with 16 mol% Yb3+. But, this value may be over estimated for three reasons:(1) the concentration quenching effect of Yb3+; (2) the direct energy transfer from the excited VO43- to charge transfer state of Yb3+; (3) the quenching effect caused by the direct energy transfer from VO43- to quenching centers.In the part of LED phosphor, an introduction of white LED and LED phosphor is given at first. Then, the preparation, characterization and luminescent properties of Gd2O3:Bi3+, Eu3+are discussed. The research contents and conclusions are listed below:Bi3+and Eu3+codoped cubic Gd2O3 nanocrystals were prepared by pechini sol-gel method. Their photoluminescent properties were http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter investigated under ultraviolet light excitation The introduction of Bi3+ ions broadened the excitation band of Eu3+ emission, of which a new strong band occurred ranging from 320 to 380 nm due to the 6s2→6s6p transition of Bi3+ions, implying a very efficient energy transfer from Bi3+ions to Eu3+ions. Upon 325 and 355 nm light excitation, the luminescent intensity of Eu3+ions was remarkably improved by the incorporation of Bi3+ions. The significant energy overlap between the emission band of Bi3+ions and the excitation band of Eu3+ions makes the efficient energy transfer from Bi3+ions to Eu3+ions possible The emission intensity of codoped sample can be as much as ten times that of the Eu3+singly doped sample, therefore Gd2O3:.Eu3+, Bi3+is a promising candidate for the application in white LEDs. But a significant quenching of Eu3+emission was observed under 266 nm light excitation when Bi3+was codoped. The competition from Bi3+ions on the absorption of 266 nm light and the energy transfer from excited Eu3+ions to the1P1 state of Bi3+ions, from which most of the energy is released as heat to the lattice by nonradiative process, are proposed to be the main reasons for the quenching of Eu3+emission under 266 nm excitation. 更多还原

The Study of Robust Tracking Control for Permanent Magnet Linear AC Servo System

The Study of Robust Tracking Control for Permanent Magnet Linear AC Servo System
　　With the requirement of machining efficiency and accuracy becoming higher, numeric control machining technology is developed towards high speed and ultra-high speed, precision and ultra precision, the linear servo drive feed unit with high precision and high speed response ability is produced. Due to eliminating a series of adverse effects that are generated by mechanical drive linkage, the fast response ability and motion precision of the feed system are enhanced greatly, Neodymium Magnet thus this becomes one representative type of the advanced technologies in the new generation numeric control machine tools.
　　In the subject, permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) servo system is a researched object.Comparing with the traditional "rotating motor plus ball screw", although the linear servo system eliminates those adverse effects, this increases the difficulty on the control. The load changes and the external disturbances and so on will directly influence the servo performance of the system without attenuation. And the inner parameters perturbation of the system, the end-effects, nonlinear factors and so on will reduce the system performance and machining precision of the machine tools. The demands of the high speed, high precision and micro-feed are met difficultly. Therefore, the effective control strategy must be adopted to overcome the influences of those factors.PMLSM servo system is a dynamic complex nonlinear system with high precision and fast response characteristic, its main performances are the tracking ability to the input command and disturbances rejection ability to the disturbances. In the ideal case, the output is able to track the changes of the input command without delay and overshoot.
　　It is difficult to meet together the requirement that is the tracking performance of the system to input signal and resistance disturbances performance to the uncertainty using conventional PID controller. For it, the zero phase two-degree of freedom (2-DOF) H_∞ robust tracking control strategy is firstly proposed to solve above-mentioned problem. Zero phase error tracking controller (ZPETC) is adopted as the feedforward controller to effectivelyimplement the fast tracking performance of the system;//?, robust controller is used as the feedback controller to eliminate the influences of the parameters perturbation, the external load disturbances and the uncertain factors, therefore the robust stability and robustness of the system are improved.ZPETC is a feedforward controller based on inverse system idea. However, it depends on the model of the system and is sensitive to the http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/ parameters changes of the system. For it, the variable gain ZPETC is presented to overcome modelled error and the influence of the parameters changes. Generally ZPETC is used as feedforward controller to compensate for the phase error, but this will also cause small gain error. To improve the tracking performance of ZPETC, the optimal design scheme of feedforward controller based on L2-norm is proposed in the paper. The optimal digital prefilter (DPF) is designed by selecting proper objective function. The scheme can ensure the phase error of the system to be zero, at the same time, the gain performance of the system is greatly improved.In the thesis, the proposed control schemes have strict theoretical basis, pass the theory verification. The simulation results show that those methods are very effective, not only enhance the fast tracking performance in the linear servo system, but also have the strong robustness to parameter variation, load disturbance and the uncertain factors.

四方AgGd（WO_4）_2：Eu~（3+）红色荧光粉的制备

题名:四方AgGd（WO_4）_2：Eu~（3+）红色荧光粉的制备
作者:张永升
学位授予单位:陕西师范大学
关键词:WLED;;AgGd(WO_4)_2:Eu~(3+);;四方相;;发光性能;;能量传递
摘要:
 白光LED拥有发光效率高、节能、无热辐射、无污染等众多优点,被视为“绿色照明光源”的明日之星,是固体照明的重要光源,应用前景广泛。要实现白光发射的主要途径之一是利用稀土发光材料的荧光体转换技术,将LED芯片发射的蓝光／紫外光转换成白光。但目前所开发的白光LED用红色荧光粉的发光效率较低,不能Neodymium Magnets满足要求,因此需要我们寻找新型高效的白光LED用红色荧光粉。本文利用高温固相反应法制备了AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+红色荧光材料,讨论了温度对其物相及发光性能的影响,并通过向基质中掺杂Mo6+以及敏化剂Tb3+的能量传递来改进其发光性能。
 采用高温固相法在750～1100℃制备了AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+,物相分析表明AgGd(WO4)2存在单斜和四方两种结构,其中四方相尚未有文献报道；光谱分析表明AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+可在以近紫外和蓝光作为激发源的LED芯片中用作红色荧光粉；AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+的发光强度与Eu3+掺杂量和烧结温度有一定的关系,并且四方AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+的发光强度高于单斜AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+的发光强度。
 为改进AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+发光性能,向AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+中掺杂了与W6+同一副族的Mo6+,物相分析表明Mo6+的掺杂并未改变AgGd(WO4)2的结构,但当Mo6+掺杂量逐渐增加时,AgGd(W1-yMoyO4)2晶胞体积逐渐减小；Mo6+的掺杂有助于提高AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+的发光强度,Mo6+、Eu3+的掺杂量决定了AgGd(W1-yMoyO4)2的发光强度。
 通过掺入敏化剂Tb3+,可以进一步提高AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+和AgGd(W0.7Mo0.3O4)2:Eu3+的发光强度。光谱分析http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/en/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets表明,AgGd(WO4)2:Tb3+以及AgGd(W0.7Mo0.3O4)2:Tb3+的发射光谱为Tb3+的特征发射光谱,AgGd(WO4)2:Tb3+和AgGd(W0.7Mo0.3O4)2:Tb3+的发光强度与Tb3+掺杂量有一定的关系。在AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+, Tb3+和AgGd(W0.7Mo0.3O4)2:Eu3+, Tb3+体系中,Eu3+和Tb3+的特征发射峰同时存在,Tb3+的发射强度由于Eu3+的加入而减弱,而Eu3+的发射强度由于Tb3+的加入而增强,存在由Tb3+向Eu3+的能量传递,此观点得到了光谱研究和荧光寿命测试结果的支持,并且在AgGd(W0.7Mo0.3O4)2:Eu3+, Tb3+体系中的能量传递效率大于在AgGd(WO4)2:Eu3+, Tb3+体系中的能量传递效率。
学位年度:2010

扬子陆块北缘碑坝—西乡地区新元古代构造—岩浆作用研究

题名:扬子陆块北缘碑坝—西乡地区新元古代构造—岩浆作用研究
作者:李婷
学位授予单位:长安大学
关键词:扬子陆块北缘;;新元古代;;地球化学特征;;Hf同位素分析;;U-Pb年代学;;大陆裂谷;;超大陆裂解;;地幔柱
摘要:
 扬子陆块北缘是重要的地质单元之一,经历了漫长而复杂的地质构造演化过程。
 以往对扬子陆块北缘新元古代岩浆岩的研究大多集中在汉中西乡-城固地区,而地处大巴山四川旺苍县檬子-陕西南郑碑坝地区岩浆岩的研究程度相对较低。本论文以旺苍县檬子乡附近基性岩(辉长苏长岩、角闪辉长岩)、南江县光雾山中酸性(钾长花岗岩、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩)为切入点对新元古代中酸性侵入岩进Neodymium Magnets行了研究,目的在于构建碑坝地区岩浆活动的时空格架,进而探讨其构造环境,为扬子陆块北缘甚至更广大地区的构造演化提供约束。得出以下结论：
 (1)钾长花岗岩的形成年龄为745±11 Ma,石英闪长岩为774±37Ma,辉长苏长岩和角闪辉长岩的成岩年龄分别为764±38Ma、766±34 Ma。与前人在扬子陆块北缘得到的岩浆岩年龄在误差范围内一致,形成于新元古代末期。与澳大利亚等地得出的超大陆裂解事件相近。
 (2)在本地区首次运用了Hf同位素分析方法,认为基性岩源区为富集地幔或者经过地壳混染作用。钾长花岗岩为A型花岗岩,是深度小于30km的新生地壳在压力小于0.8GPa的条件下部分熔融形成的。石英闪长岩代表了以石榴子石为稳定残余相的压力条件下新生地壳和古老地壳部分熔融的产物。
 (3)本地区基性-酸性岩形成于拉张大陆裂谷构造环境中,而不是根据花岗质岩石判别出的岛弧环境。
 (4)通过对两种岩石的源区,成因和动力学分析,认为：研究区基性-酸性侵入体可能是地幔柱作用的结果。区域上旺苍县檬http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/en/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets子-陕西南郑碑坝地区新元古代侵入杂岩体与汉南杂岩应为同一动力学背景的产物,构成扬子陆块北部巨大的面状展布的侵入杂岩体。
学位年度:2010

新疆伊犁地块北缘于赞组火山岩年代学和地球化学研究

题名:新疆伊犁地块北缘于赞组火山岩年代学和地球化学研究
作者:金朝
学位授予单位:长安大学
关键词:地球化学;;火山岩;;泥盆纪;;于赞组;;活动大陆边缘;;伊犁地块
摘要:
 位于新疆西天山的伊犁地块北缘发育大量古生代火山岩,本文从前人划分的早石炭世大哈拉军山组中解体出晚泥盆世火山岩。根据最新的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年结果,并通过区域对比研究,建议创建上泥盆统“于赞组”,同时,对其岩石学和地球化学进行研究,探讨火山岩的岩浆源区及成因,阐明了伊犁地块北缘晚泥盆世火山岩形成的构造背景和其动力学机制及其对北天山洋俯冲时限的制约。
 本文对尼勒克地区北部大面积出露的中Magnetic lifter酸性火山岩进行详细的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年龄学研究,并结合冷成彪等发表的数据,得出以下结论：
 基于前人的资料和本文获得的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb数据,对原“大哈拉军山组”进行进一步解体,新厘定上泥盆统于赞组。
 锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年结果表明,两个流纹岩的锆石年龄分别为369.7±4.9Ma和363.4±2.5Ma,表明伊犁地块北缘存在古生代中期火山岩浆事件,岩浆活动的时间为晚泥盆世。于赞组火山岩为安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及凝灰岩组成的亚碱性岩石组合,具有钙碱性演化趋势,富集Ba、Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,具有陆缘弧火山岩的地球化学属性。微量元素地球化学图解进一步表明,这些岩石形成于俯冲带之上的活动大陆边缘环境。安山岩—英安岩起源于俯冲带流体交代的地幔楔,岩浆起源的深度为30-50km,岩浆在上升过程中可能受到上地壳的同化混染；流纹岩很可能主要与上地壳重熔有关,岩浆起源的深度为小于30km,岩浆演化过程中经历了不同程度的分离结晶作用。
 伊犁地块北缘晚泥盆世火http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter山岩的岩石学、地球化学、岩浆演化及其所处的构造位置,表明该火山岩是北天山洋盆在晚泥盆世向伊犁板块俯冲过程中形成的,本文晚泥盆世于赞组火山岩的发现为北天山洋从晚泥盆世开始向南俯冲提供了确切的依据。
学位年度:2010

青海省大柴旦红灯沟地区滩间山群地层综合研究

题名:青海省大柴旦红灯沟地区滩间山群地层综合研究
作者:汪雯
学位授予单位:中南大学
关键词:滩间山群;;地层对比;;硅质岩;;沉积相;;红灯沟;;青海
摘要:
 论文以红灯沟地区区域成矿背景、研究区的前人工作资料和红灯沟矿区研究中存在的问题为切入点,在实测地层剖面的基础上,应用岩石学、地球化学理论和方法,开展变质岩原岩恢复工作,建立含矿地层层序,探讨硅质岩Magnetic lifter的成因,并分析地层的沉积相和古地理。
 在对矿区地层剖面实测和室内薄片鉴定的基础上,认为红灯沟矿区区主要有7种岩石类型；通过对变质岩岩石化学全分析,利用变质岩原岩恢复方法,认为本区变质地层的原岩是一套火山-沉积岩系,以陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩为主体,含有火山物质。
 地层全岩206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb的变化范围分别是17.404-17.758、15.528-16.158、37.278-38.467,μ值介于9.43-10.74之间,Th/U比值介于3.65-4.19之间。根据Pb同位素特征及206Pb/204Pb-207Pb/204Pb关系图,显示红灯沟矿区地层铅可能主要来源于下地壳物质。
 地层中的硅质岩主要呈孤立的透镜体存在,空间上成带出现,局部可见硅质岩的夹层及透镜体,其中可见鲜红色团块被暗红色石英包围的现象。通过硅质岩中Mn、Ti和稀土元素特征分析,认为红灯沟硅质岩是属于热水沉积成因,形成于活动大陆边缘的岛弧及弧后的火山沉积盆地中,与中基性火山活动密切相关,受同生断裂带的控制,具有浅水洼地环境特点。
 通过对沉积环境、沉积相及盆地古地理演化等分析,首次提出其沉积环境是陆源、内源和火山来源三者混杂,水深和水动http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter力条件多变,构造条件较动荡的滨浅海环境,并在此基础上建立了红灯沟矿区滩间山群火山-沉积地层的沉积相模式。
 红灯沟矿区地层中Cu、Au平均含量分别为74.97×10-6和4.62×10-9。二者同步增高,有共同来源的特点。因子分析未发现与Au和Cu的升高有明显相关的其它元素特征,说明Au和Cu的矿化作用并非由地层本身提供物质来源。
学位年度:2010

Eu~（2+）掺杂碱土金属卤磷酸盐蓝色荧光粉的制备与性质研究

题名:Eu~（2+）掺杂碱土金属卤磷酸盐蓝色荧光粉的制备与性质研究
作者:程丹
学位授予单位:东北师范大学
关键词:白光LED;;发光;;蓝色荧光粉;;高温固相法
摘要:
 白光LED具有低工作电压、低功耗、高流明效率和长寿命等一系列优点,是一种环保和节能的新型照明光源。因此白光LED及相关发光材料成为现在研究的热点。本文针对白光LED用长波紫光和紫外光激发的蓝色荧光材料进行研究。
 本文首先对白光LED用蓝色荧光粉的Magnetic lifter研究现状、发展趋势以及各种制备方法进行了详细的综述。从高显色性白光LED需求的角度选择(SrCaBa)_3(PO_4)_2·SrCl_2:Eu~(2+)蓝色荧光粉为研究对象。采用高温固相法在弱还原气氛中成功制备(SrCaBa)_3(PO_4)_2·SrCl_2:Eu~(2+)蓝色荧光粉。详细研究了反应原料、烧结温度、Eu~(2+)激活剂浓度对荧光粉发光性质的影响。研究表明温度在1200℃,Eu~(2+)掺杂比为0.15时(SrCaBa)_3(PO_4)_2·SrCl_2:Eu~(2+)蓝色荧光粉的发http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter光峰在450nm并且可被200nm- 440nm波段有效激发。
 进一步基于Eu~(2+)与Tb~(3+)之间的能量传递设计制备(SrCaBa)_3(PO_4)_2·SrCl_2:Eu~(3+),Tb~(3+)荧光粉。样品在长波紫光和紫外光激发下呈蓝光与绿光的混合发光,发光颜色随Tb3+掺杂浓度可从蓝色调节为蓝绿色,从而可进一步提高白光LED的显色性。
 本文对高显色性白光LED用发光材料的研制有重要意义。
学位年度:2010

六种香豆素有效成分与DNA相互作用的研究

题名:六种香豆素有效成分与DNA相互作用的研究
作者:杨锦艳
学位授予单位:山西医科大学
关键词:光谱法;;电化学法;;粘度法;;凝胶电泳法;;香豆素有效成分;;小牛胸腺DNA
摘要:
 目的在模拟人体生理条件下,研究香豆素(Coumarin, COU)、7-羟基香豆素(Umbelliferone, UMB)、6,7-二羟基香豆素(Aesculetin, AES)、羟甲香豆素(Hymecromone,HYM)、蛇床子素(Osthole, OST)和花椒毒素(Xanthotoxin, XAN)六种香豆素有效成分与小牛胸腺DNA(ct-DNA)的结合作用,从多角度探讨其作用机制。
 方法采用紫外光谱法、循环伏安法研究六种香豆素有效成分与DNA作用前后紫外吸收光谱和电化学性质的变化；利用荧光猝灭滴定法获得其与DNA作用的猝灭机制和相关参数,考察Cu2+等六种过渡金属离子对COU、UMB、AES、HYM与DNA作用的影响及Eu3+等六种稀土离子对OST、XAN与DNA作用的影响；运用Neodymium Magnets共振光散射光谱考察DNA对UMB、AES、HYM、OST和XAN共振光散射信号的影响；利用粘度法研究UMB、AES、HYM、OST和XAN对DNA粘度的影响；采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳考察UMB、AES、HYM、OST对pBR322质粒DNA的切割作用；通过离子强度的影响、Ⅰˉ猝灭、与单双链DNA作用的区别、DNA热变性温度测定等实验确定六种香豆素有效成分与DNA的作用模式。
 结果紫外结果表明：金属离子与六种香豆素有效成分均发生作用且形成1：1型复合物；六种香豆素有效成分与DNA均发生作用,DNA的加入使它们的紫外光谱均发生减色效应,但只有COU的紫外光谱同时发生红移。荧光结果表明：COU使BR-DNA体系荧光强度猝灭,对BR与DNA的结合为竞争性抑制；随着DNA浓度增加,UMB、AES、HYM, OST和XAN的最大荧光发射峰强度均有规律地降低,其猝灭机制均为静态猝灭,且均形成1：1型复合物；六种香豆素有效成分与DNA的结合常数分别为3.76×104、2.13×104、5.27×102、1.44×104、9.30×103和2.60×103L-mol"1, UMB、AES、OST和XAN与DNA相互作用力主要为氢键和范德华力,HYM与DNA结合主要为静电作用力。共http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/en/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets振光散射结果表明：DNA使UMB、AES、HYM、OST和XAN体系的共振光散射信号强度增强。粘度实验证实：UMB、AES、HYM、OST和XAN对DNA的相对粘度没有影响。琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明：UMB、AES、HYM、OST对pBR322质粒DNA的切割作用不明显。
 结论六种香豆素有效成分均能与DNA发生结合作用。金属离子对六种香豆素有效成分与DNA的结合作用均产生不同程度的影响。通过盐效应及DNA熔点测定实验证明COU与DNA的作用模式为嵌入与静电作用；盐效应、Ⅰˉ猝灭、与单双链DNA作用、DNA热变性实验结果表明UMB、AES、HYM、OST和XAN与DNA的作用模式均为沟槽结合。
学位年度:2010