Synthesis and Structural Chemistry of Metal Carboxylates Coordination Polymers with PCPA Ligand

　　Synthesis and Structural Chemistry of Metal Carboxylates Coordination Polymers with PCPA Ligand
　　Recently, metal carboxylates coordination polymers(MCCP) have gained considerable attention due to their attractive structures and promising applications for catalysis, gas storage, magnetic materials, and optoelectronics. In this dissertation, we describe the syntheses, and structures of a series of novel MCCPs obtained under hydrothermal condition by Neodymium Magnets using metal centers as nodes and PCPA, (predominant ligand) and pyridine derivatives(secondary ligand) as building blocks. The studied works are concluded in the following:First, 8 novel metal carboxylates coordination polymers and 3 supramoleculars formed by H-bonding andπ–πStacking weak interactions.have been designed and synthesized. X-ray single crystal diffractometer technology was employed to determine their structures: [Zn2(PCPA)2(IN)2]n 1 [Co(PCPA)(IN)]n 2 [Ln(PCPA)3(glycol)]n, [ Ln = La(3); Nd(4); Gd(5)] [Eu(PCPA)3(H2O)]n 6 [Co(PCPA)2(4,4’-bpy)]n 7 [Cu(PCPA)2(4,4’-bpy)]n 8 [Ag(PCPA)(PCPAH)(4,4’-bpy)·H2O]n 9 [Ag(HBTC)]n·[Ag(4,4’-bpy)]n 10 [Cu(H2BTC)(2,2’-bpy)] 11Among these compounds, the compounds 1and 2 are first constructed from mixed rigid and flexible http://www.999magnet.com carboxylate ligands, the most intriguing structural feature is that each complex exhibits both infinite helical Zn(μ2-carboxylate) or Co(μ3-carboxylates) chain units with 21 helices and zigzag M2(IN)2(M= Zinc and Cobalt) chain units by reason of two different carboxylate ligands coordinating to metal centers; Compounds 3, 4, and 5, an isomorphous series of three new lanthanide coordination polymers, form a 1D chain structure as it is with compound 6; Hydrothermal reaction of the

Geochemical Characteristics of Emeishan Basalt and Mineralization of Native Copper Deposit in Junction Area of Yunnan-Guizhou Province, China

　　Geochemical Characteristics of Emeishan Basalt and Mineralization of Native Copper Deposit in Junction Area of Yunnan-Guizhou Province, China
　　Emeishan Basalt spreads widely in Yunnan , Guizhou and Sichuan Province. There are variations between the different parts of the Emeishan Basalt. In the junction area of Yunnan and Guizhou Province , the basalt is special for far-ranging nature copper mineralization. This study focus on Emeishan basalt in the junctional area of Yunnan and Guizhou Province. Based on systematic studies on geological, stratigraphic and geochemical characteristics of the volcanic rocks and copper deposits hosted in the rocks, the composition of primary magma and their changes Segment neodymium magnets and the time of volcanic activity have been discussed respectively in this paper. Isotope also has been proposed to explain the evolution of Emeishan basalt copper deposits. From this study, following achievements have been obtained:1. Based on geochemical characteristics of major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements of the basalts, it is indicated that the primary magma of the basalts is derived from enrich mantle II (EM II)
　　with little contamination, and the basalts end mineral composition is garnet lherzolite, and picrite and olivine fractional crystallization have been occured during magma ascent or emplacement. Intensive activity of hydrothermal fluid has also been suggested to explain Rb’s intensive negative anomaly.2. The age of the the shale, which overlays Emeishan Basalt Group, have been accessed by iterative reconstruction and regression of Rb-Sr binary isotope paleomixing line. This is different from conventional Rb-Sr dating. From the research, the shale’s model age of 255±12 Ma have been dated. This age indicates Emeishan basalts end-eruption happened before 255Ma. It not only supports the study of paleomagnetism of stratum and stratum chronology but also Emeishan basalt main eruption time is nearly 258Ma. This study indicates Rb-Sr isotope chronology is applicable in Mesozoic stratum and 255Ma effectively constraints the upper limit time of Emeishan basalt.3 206pb/ 204pb , 207pb/ 204 pb and 208 pb/ 204 pb of minerals from copper depositsare generally from 18.078 to 18.923, http://www.999magnet.com from 15.463 to 15.690 and from 38.301 to 39.036, respectively. Pb isotopic compositions of the minerals resemble their host rocks-Emeishan basalt, which indicates the matter of basalt copper deposit originated from Emeishan basalt.4. δ13Cv-pdb of bitumen and carbonaceous matter from copper ore in basalts range from -32.3%o to -21%o, conforming to the range of Sedimentary organic carbon and Biomass in Nature δ13C reservoirs, which suggested that carbon of the bitumen and the carbonaceous matter did not come from mantle source but bio-source. δ18Osmow and δ13Cpdb of calcite from copper ore are generally from 13.1‰ to 22.9‰ and from -32.3‰ to -13.5‰, respectively. It is special in that δ18O is rich while δ13C depleted. Different ore deposit has same carbon isotope composition respectively, which suggests the carbon comes from same source -organic carbon.5. δ18O矿物-sMOW, 18Oh2o- smow and δDv-smow of fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite from copper ore are from 14.3‰ to 18.9‰, from 2.8‰ to 7.2‰ and from -63.6‰ to-80.6‰ respectively ,with a medium-low temperature(151℃to201℃). All

The Synthesis, Structure and Property of BaTiO3 Solid Solution by Microwave Irradiation

　　The Synthesis, Structure and Property of BaTiO3 Solid Solution by Microwave Irradiation
　　The research of preparation and properties of barium titanate has been a focal point in the field of inorganic solid chemistry since the excellent dielectric property of BaTiO3 were discovered in 1940s. As one of the most important function ceramic and basic raw materials, BaTiO3 has been widely applied in the production of electric components such as high-property ceramic capacitor, multilayer ceramic capacitor, PTC heat-sensitive resistance, resonance implement, medium amplifier, and is indispensable in electronic industry. Its dosage is largest as capacitor Block Neodymium magnets material and basic matrix of electric function ceramic at present.But because of the structure of BaTiO3 molecule, it has some shortcomings. For example, it has the highest dielectric constant at 120 ℃ (～ 104), while its dielectric constant at room temperature is only 1 / 6 of the Curie point, which greatly limited its practical applications. Otherwise, its dielectric loss is large, and its capacity changes greatly with the variety of temperature.It is hypothesized theoretically that the Curie point of BaTiO3 may be lowered and broadened when the large Ba2+ ions are partially replaced by small-sized ions, or inactive Ti4+ ions are partially replaced by active ions. The preparation of BaTiC?3 powders and ceramic has great effect on the grain size and density of BaTiO3,which influence the dielectric property of BaTiO3 strongly. Additionally, the difference between ceramic and single crystal is that there are many crystal boundary in the ceramic, which have important effects on the performance of material. Thus it is needed to adulterate some ions into the powder grain and crystal boundary. At present, solid phase adulteration was adopted in the production process of electric component in industry. The oxides of Sr, Zr http://www.999magnet.com and some rare earth elements are adulterated in BaTiO3 to improve its property, but the solid phase adulteration is not homogeneous and the expected improvements of the parameters for the component can not be achieved. Although a Sol-Gel method for adulterating BaTiO3 has been reported in recent years, its wide use is limited by the high price of the materials. Except the rapid transfer of microwave energy to thermal energy in polar solution, the penetration property of microwave electromagnetic radiation through solution should result in a uniform heating for the reaction solution, many researchers exercise microwave technique in a lot of chemical fields, and have obtained fruitful success. In succession, synthesising zeolite molecular screen, inorganic

稀散元素多硒纳米晶的合成、表征及其性能研究

　　稀散元素多硒纳米晶的合成、表征及其性能研究
　　The compound of sulfur group is of special physical and chemical properties and itplays implacable importance on muchu high-tech field such as semiconductormaterial,solid chemistry,electromagnetism,optical performance ,especially multirare-and-scattered-elements selenide.It has been on the highlight for resent tenyears.Therefore,this study is to develop new-style mutilfunctional , mutil-selenium andmulti-lanthanum nanosized crystal.It can enrich the RSE chemical theory,enlargecontent of inorganic chemistry,enhance research level on the basis of resourceadvantage in fertile elements of our country.Therefore,it is employed with importanttheoretic meaning and latent Special shape NdFeB magnets application. This paper used microwave solvothermaltechnique to prepare four nanosized crystal and it have not been reported in theliterature as yet.This article introduced microwave solvothermal technique to prepare four mutil-selenium nanosized crystal Tl8SnSe6,AgLa3Se5,Ag2SnSe3 and CuLa3Se5 ,respectively.Atthe same time, their composition and structure were confirmed.This work observed andconfimed the effect of every condition ,for example microwave oven’s heating time,ultrasonic time on reaction.Several technique including EDS,XRD,TEM,XPS andchemical analysis was used to characterize these compound prepared on optimalconditions on phase, purity, granularity, value state and component. Besides, band gap,thermal stability , fluorescence and photocatalysis were http://www.999magnet.com measured . Their band gaps arein the range of 2.0～3.0 ev. They have good irradiance capability.And they can existstably even above 600℃.The photocatalytsis research indicated that they have gooddegrading function for Methyl Orange, its decoloration rate can arrive at 90%.Besides, the mechanism of synthesizing multi-selenium nanosized crystal bymicrowave solvothermal technique is discussed.The function of ultrasonicwave,microwave and organic solvent during the formation of products andsemiconductor property of products are theoretically explained.

上转换发光剂掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及利用可见光处理工业废水的研究

　　上转换发光剂掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及利用可见光处理工业废水的研究
　　With the constant development of industrial course, people’s life has been improveddramatically, while meantime it also has brought about devastating influence in ourenvironment where all of us live on. Every year, large numbers of wastewaters containinghigh concentration poisonous organic compounds are discharged into surface water,which menace not only the health of human being but also the living condition of otherlife-form. The elimination of toxic and hazardous chemical substances such as organicdye compounds, surfactant, pesticide remains and so on from waste effluents andpreviously contaminated sites has become a major concern. In order to address thissignificant problem, extensive research is underway to develop advanced biochemical,physical adsorb, semiconductor catalysis and many other physicochemical methods forthe characterization and elimination of hazardous chemical compounds from wastewaters.However, such organic pollutants cannot be decomposed easily and completely usingordinary chemical and biological methods, since the Block Neodymium magnets structures of these organic dyecompounds in wastewaters usually contain one or several benzene rings. In recent years,many attentions have been paid to the method of semiconductor-based photocatalyticdegradation to treat these dye wastewaters.In these semiconductor materials, titanium dioxide (TiO2) as photocatalyst is widelyused to photodegradate many organic pollutants for its relatively high catalytic reactivity,physical and chemical stability, avirulence and cheapness and so on. Even so, only underirradiation of ultraviolet light (λ< 387 nm) TiO2 catalyst can effectively destroy theorganic pollutants in wastewaters because of its broad band-gap (Eg = 3.2~4.5 eV). Ingeneral, the sunlight only contains 3 % ~5 % ultraviolet light, so it is impossible to utilizesunlight directly for activating TiO2 photocatalyst effectively. Hence, the photocatalyticdegradation method treating wastewaters needs costly equipments and large numbers ofenergies as light source.
　　This is a big burden for many countries, especially for thosedeveloping countries. In order to utilize sunlight, we have considered whether there aresome substances those can turn visible lights into ultraviolet lights to satisfy therequirement of TiO2 photocatalysts. Fortunately, the upconversion luminescencematerials containing rare earth metal ions are just what we want to adulterate to generalTiO2 photocatalysts.In this work, a new upconversion luminescence agent containing Erbium (Er)element was synthesized and then mixed into TiO2 powder by ultrasonic dispersion andthen a novel doped TiO2 photocatalyst utilizing visible light was firstly prepared and itsphotocatalytic activity was checked through the photocatalytic degradation reaction ofvarious hazardous componds as model compound under the visible light irradiationemitted by six three basic color lamps. Otherwise, in order to http://www.999magnet.com compare the photocatalyticactivities the same experiment was carried out for undoped TiO2 powder. Thisupconversion luminescence agent can emit five upconversion fluorescent peaks shown inthe fluorescent spectrum whose wavelengths are all below 387 nm under the excitation of488 nm visible light;Doped and undoped TiO2 powder was charactered by XRD andTEM;Process of degradation was detected by UV-Visible spectrum. The degradationratio of hazardous compounds in the presence of doped TiO2 powder under visible lightirradiation within certain time period was obviously higher than the correspondingdegradation ratio in the presence of undoped TiO2 powder. It indicates that theupconversion luminescence agent prepared as dopant can effectively turn visible lights toultraviolet lights that are absorbed by TiO2 particles to produce the electron-cavity pairs.All the results show that the TiO2 powder doped with upconversion luminescence agentis a promising photocatalyst using sunlight for treating the industry dye wastewater ingreat force.

Organic Geochemistry and Ore-forming Environment of the Large Witherite Deposits in Northern Daba Mountains, China

　　Organic Geochemistry and Ore-forming Environment of the Large Witherite Deposits in Northern Daba Mountains, China
　　More than 40 witherite and barite deposits (or points) locate in northern Daba Mountains, which is a large and unique witherite metallogenic belt in the world. The ore bodies are hosted in the lower Cambrian Lujiaping silicolite formation. Previous studies show that there are close relations between organic matter and ore formation. However, the origin, type, and evolution of the organic matter and its significance in mineralization are still unclear. Moreover, using rock organic geochemistry to trace the ore-forming structural-sedimentary environment is lack of an rare earth magnets essential research. Based on the traditional ore geochemistry studies, in this paper, we use modern analysis technologies (GC-MS, ESEM) to explore the organic geochemistry characters and ore-forming environment of the witherite deposits.Major elements, trace elements, REE and stable isotopes analysis of ores and ore-hosting silicolite formation show that ore-forming materials are marine origins. Barium in ores is originated mainly from basic volcanic rocks in the basement or deep hydrothermal waters. While, ore-related carbon is derived from organic matters in marine sediments.
　　These organic matters are experienced an evolution by two mechanisms: decarboxylation and direct oxidation. Metallogenesis take place in the restricted basins of continent margin and the formation of witherite deposits are resulted from the mixing of hydrothermal fluids and sea waters.Comprehensive studies on Rock-Eval, TOC, chloroform bitumen"A" and biomarker indicate that: (1) parent organic matters are sapropel kerogen that transformed from marine plankton, algae and bacterium. The parent matters are most bluegreen algae and with the adding of thimbleful land organic compounds. (2) organic matters are in the high and ultra mature stage, which is thought to be influenced by both heating and biodegradation. (3) barium and organic carbon in ores shows the tendency of negative correlation, this suggests that, to some extent, barium accumulation is consistent with the http://www.chinamagnets.biz evolution of organic matter maturity. (4) sedimentation and mineralization occurs in the water body environment characterized by deoxidize-weak oxidation and closure-openness.According to the regional tectonic-sedimentary evolution, the formation of witherite deposits was controlled by the evolution of regional growth faults. The growth faults not only supplied the transport channels for deep hydrothermal fluids which containing the ore-forming materials, but also produced a local restricted sedimentary environment that accumulate organic matters and benefit the sedimentation-mineralization to form. Moreover, episodic activities of the growth faults changed the sedimentary environment and resulted in the interbedding of witherite and barite ores. Furthermore, growth faults of different orders controlled the water body changing from closure to openness, and finally formed the zoning of witherite and barite deposits from south to north of the Daba Mountains.

Ore Study on the Proterozoic Boron Deposits in the East Liaoning Province

　　Ore Study on the Proterozoic Boron Deposits in the East Liaoning Province
　　The boron deposits in the east Liaoning Province are typical endogenous borate beds, in which there is alone development and characteristics. Depending on the areal geology and the geological characters of these deposits, we have generalized and analyzed the regularties of boron deposit distribution and the controlling factors of boron mineralization. By means of manifold morden testing methods, we have mainly studied the constitutions and structures, mineral compositions and chemical compositions of the ores, and have put forward reliable information and indicators for the cause of the deposits formation and the exploration.We have concluded a suit of methods Segment neodymium magnet of systematacially investigating deposit in metamorphic rock area through the study. With the aid of three typical boron deposits, we have obtained progresses as follows:1. Systematacially investigated basal geological materials: detailedly analyzed and digested the strata, lithology, tectonic background, magama activity, sedimentation, metamorphism, geomorphy of the mine fields, realised that the deposits are controlled by the magnesium-rich carbonate rocks in the proterozoic
　　Kuandian group ,that the sedimentation setting of the boracic series rocks was localized in rift geosyncline and that the rocks in place of the metamorphites are a suit of marine volcanic sedimentary rocks and marine carbonate rocks;2. Identified the polished section and slice of the ore samples and confirmed the constitutions and structures of the ores, the mineral formation sequence and the mineral intergrowth and association;divided nature types,industrial tyeps and industrial grades of the ores;3. Systematacially tested the petrochemistry, trace elements, rare-earth element and isotopes of specific rock samples, analyzed the test results and enduced that the cause of the boron ores formation contacts with that of the dolomite and the magnenium-bearing poridotite , that the boron originates from the deep part of the crust and the boron deposits are related with boron-rich volcanic-hot water activity;4. Investigate the metallization of the boron deposits,established the metallogenic model of Liaodong boron deposits , reduce that the boron metallization went through two phases -the phase of the http://www.chinamagnets.biz sedimentation and metamorphose and the phase of the hydrothermal alteration and pointed out that the ancient geologic structure of the granite floor is the space condition of controlling the boron deposits, that boron, magnesium, potassium, sodium-rich and calcium-poor hot brine is the geochmistry condition of controlling thedeposits, that the physical chemistry condition of the metamorphose phase is the condition of boron deposit preservation, that the synform structure and the hook folds controlled the re-perch of the boron ore bodies and that the boron deposits formed between 1900 million and 2000 million years ago;5. Integrated the field investigation and the indoor study and established the practicable exploration mode. The mode of finding the surface deposits is that boracic series rocks in both sides of "Liaoji granite" —?magnesium-rich carbonate—^boron ore body;The mode of finding blind deposits is that boracic series rocks in both sides of "Liaoji granite"—? synform structure—*hook fold—?blind ore body.

Songpan-Ganzi Block and the Longmen Mountains Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Geochemistry

　　Songpan-Ganzi Block and the Longmen Mountains Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Geochemistry
　　The Ganzi-Songpan block and the Longmen mountains connect the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and western margin of the Yangtze block, respectively, which is the junction of the Central-China Orogenic Chain and the Sichuan-Yunnan-Helan Tectonic Belt. Therefore the tectonic affinity and relations with the Yangtze and the North China blocks have been debated. Clastic sedimentary rocks of the Precambrian to Triassic are studied systematically in this paper.The rocks are classified into graywacke and arkose, whose material source should be a Cylinder neodymium magnet mixture of mafic rocks, felsic rocks and quartzs+calcites. The total REE contents of the rocks increase gradually and the negative Eu anomaly become more evident from the Precambrian to Triassic rocks, which may imply intensifying crustal fractionation. The ratios of trace elements show affinity with Yangtze block and Qinling Orogeny.
　　The Nd isotopic study shows that the Nd model ages range between 1.6Ga and 2.4Ga, peaked at 2.0Ga. The histogram of Nd model ages is similar to that of the Yangtze craton, Southern Qinling and Northern Qinling and quite different from that of the North China craton. Therefore, the sedimentary rocks in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen mountains were mainly from the western margin of the Yangtze craton. Spatial distribution of initial Nd isotopic compositions indicates that denudating areas were in east and north, and depositing areas of deep water were in west and south of the Ganzi-Songpan basin during Triassic.The detrital zircons from the sedimentary rocks were dated through SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS. The result shows that the detrital zircon U-Pb ages concentrate in 1400 to 600Ma, especially 900-700 Ma,which was the most intensive crustal growth stage in western margin of the Yangtze block. But, tectonic and magmatic events of 1000-700Ma have not been identified yet in North China block. Dated oldest detrital zircons indicate that the Yangtze block started forming its framework during period of 2800-2200Ma. Because the basement of the http://www.chinamagnets.biz Yangtze block experienced numerous intra-crustal processes, the oldest basement components only account for ~8% of the provenance components. The detrital zircon ages of 2200-1400Ma indicate contribution of the Qinling micro-plate. The Neoproterozic to Triassic ages of detrital zircon grains suggest derivation from the Qinling Orogeny and the western and northern margin of Yangtze block. The Triassic tectonic movement was the most intensive and extensive, i.e. the Indosinian collisional orogeny movement, which led to exhumation of basements of the Yangtze block and nascent crustal components and their shedding off to present-day west of the Yangze block. Furthermore, the Qinling Orogen formed in Middle Triassic, and it was impossible to get sediment from the North China craton.The Ganzi-Songpan block and the Longmen Mountains are part of the Yangtzeblock. The western and northern margins of the Yangtze block as well as the Qinling micro-plate were the sources of sediments in the Songpan-Ganzi block and the Longmen Mountains.

Study on the Metallogenic Model of the Tangjiaping Molybdenum Ore Deposit from Shangcheng County, Henan Province

　　Study on the Metallogenic Model of the Tangjiaping Molybdenum Ore Deposit from Shangcheng County, Henan Province
　　Tangjiaping molybdenum ore deposit, located in Shangcheng county, Henan province, were found recently. This finding is a punch for endogenic metal ore deposit prospect. However, the deposit have not been studied systemically hitherto. The distribution, petrological characteristics, geochemical characteristics and the age of ore-hosting granites were studies in this thesis. The forming model and magmatic source of these rock bodies were studied based on analyses of their tectonic environment and areal geological dynamics. The relationship between wallrock alteration and molybdenum mineralization were studied through analyses the type and zonation of wallrock Neodymium Magnets alteration and it was realized that there is a close relationship between molybdenum mineral mineralization and network-like silication as well as potash feldspathizationGeological characteristics of Tangjiaping deposit were studied and control factors of them were analyzed and mineralization period and phase of them were also produced.
　　The elemental zoning sequence of the deposit in cross direction (from inner to outer) is Mo-Bi-Ag-W-Sn-Pb-Zn-Cu and that in axis direction is Mo-Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Bi-W-Sn. The gradual decrease of elemental pairs and accumulating multiplication from the head to the tail of ore bodies was used to recognize ore bodies or not ore bodies or denudation degree of a ore body, which would be a criterion for prospecting deep ore bodies.The Re-Os ages of tangjiaping http://www.999magnet.com molybdenum ore deposit, Tanmugou molybdenum ore deposit, Dayinjian molybdenum ore deposit, are 113.1 ±7.9 Ma (early cretaceous), 121.6 ± 2.1 Ma, and 122.1 ±2.4Ma respectively. As a result, the age of molybdenum ore zone of Dabie Mountain is 122.1 ±2.4 ～ 113.1 ±7.9.The studies on trace elements, REE, isotopes of H, O and S, and fluid inclusions show that the ore fluid in the zone was high-salt waterwater from initial magma (some rain water mixed into this water lately) and that the origin of these ore material was the molybdenum-rich magma which came into being from the remelted crust beneath the metamorphic rock series of proterozoia. The genetic model, geological and chemical-geophysical prospecting sign were produced and 3 metallogenic prospect districts were given, which showed the direction for prospecting molybdenum ore deposit.

Characteristic of the Metamorphic Rock and the Metamorphic Function of Precambrian, in Alatanaobao Region, Western of Inner Mongolia

　　Characteristic of the Metamorphic Rock and the Metamorphic Function of Precambrian, in Alatanaobao Region, Western of Inner Mongolia
　　Alatanaobao region is located the western section of northern edge of North China Platform. On the study of the data of firldwork, adopting "structure - strata" and "structure-rock" new theories, new technique, new method of etc., the author studied the characteristic of metamorphic rock of Precambrian in Alatanaobao region, which included the characteristic of macroscopic geology, the type of rock, the texture and structure of rocks, paragenetic association of Special shape NdFeB magnets mineral, rock chemistry, micro element, rare earth element geochemistry and characteristic of primary rock, the metamorphic facies, the metamorphic type, and temperature-pressure condition, the mechanism of the metamorphism.In this area the Early Precambrian basement rock is consitituted of New Archean metamorphic sedimentary rocks, metamorphic igneous rocks and metamorphic basite dike that were undergone the medium-pressure regional dynamo-thermal metamorphism of high greenschist facies ～ low hornblende hornfels facies in New Archean. The characteristic of metamorphic mineral and the paragenetic association of metamorphic mineral show that the regional metamorphism http://www.999magnet.com corresponds to Alm zone, St zone, And-Cord zone of Baluo zone in metamorphic argillaceous rocks, and Pl-Hb zone in metabasite formation. The thermodynamics condition is P=2～6.5×10~8 Pa, T=556～628℃. Regional low temperature-dynamometamorphism, which is belonged to low greenschist facies and equal to Bi zone, Ab-Act zone, taked place in Middle Proterozoic. The thermodynamics condition is P=2～7×10~8Pa, T=350～500℃.

Study on Protolith Restoration and Sedimentary Environment of Halahuogete Group, Altan Obo, Alashan Banner, Inner Mongolia

　　Study on Protolith Restoration and Sedimentary Environment of Halahuogete Group, Altan Obo, Alashan Banner, Inner Mongolia
　　The Mesoproterozoic Halahuogete Formation of Bayan Obo Group, located at Altan Obao in the north of the study area, distributed from west to east. Its total area was approximately 12 square kilometer. The rocks of this Formation, which are black or light black for rich of C, consist mainly of mica quartz schist, quartzite, marble, carbonaceous phyllite. Although the Formation subjected to strong tectonic deformation, the degree of metamorphic rocks Block Neodymium magnets generally reached to greenschist and local amphibolite facies.It is proved that the protolithes of Halahuogete Formation are muddy sand and sandy mudstones by the following facts and features: (1) the occurrence of strata and macro geological features in field including horizontal and parallelized bedding, and its blastosedimentary structure;(2) the microscopic characteristics including mineral assemblage, recrystallization and deformation;(3) the results of some programs of protolith restoration.It is revealed that the Halahuogete Formation was formed in passive continental margin of the northern China http://www.999magnet.com Platform under condition of hypoxia and anaerobic, and was a product of normal seawater sedimentation, possibly underwent hydrothermal deposition by analysis of the main elements and REE.

The Metallogenic Features and Ore-forming Prediction of Basalt Type Tin-copper-polymetallic Deposit in the East Area of Gejiu

　　The Metallogenic Features and Ore-forming Prediction of Basalt Type Tin-copper-polymetallic Deposit in the East Area of Gejiu
　  The thesis title is selected based on Research on Prospecting prognosis of Tin-copper-polymetallic Deposit in Gejiu,Yunnan which is the key scientific and technical item (serial number:3-4-05-05) of Yunnan Tin Co Ltd. This paper has lucubrated the Metallogenic features of basaltic deposit in the east area of Gejiu, set up a metallization-prospecting model and synthetically alpplied GIS and 3D Technology for prospecting prognosis.For years, research work at Gejiu tin deposit was mostly about the metallogenic theory of granite and the construction of its model. Many studies indicate that Gejiu tin-copper polymetallic deposit was controlled by Middle and Late Yanshanian granite Block Neodymium magnets and its related structure, the time of ore-forming was relatively concentrative. Recently, as deep sulfide type deposits exploited becomes more and more, especially new stratiform ore bodies are found, some people put forward the cognition of basic volcano-sedimentary metallogenesis and exhalative-sedimentary metallization.
　　Great attention is paid to the relationship between Middle Indosinian basalt in the ore-bearing rock series and tin-copper polymetallic deposit.The metallogeny of Gejiu tin-copper polymetallic deposit is very complex. So it is not enough to reasonably explain the genesis of the deposit merely by the single source of ore and the simple view of granite mineralization. Based on the work of antecedents, combined with field exploration and datum collecting, the regional geologic background, the distribution characteristic of basalt and its 3D display, petrology, petrochemistry and the deposit’s geological characteristics are studied in the east area of Gejiu mine. According to integrative studies of major elements, trace elements, rare earth elements, isotopic geochemistry and chronology of mineralization, the basalt in east area of Gejiu was the main source of ore-forming materials and the http://www.999magnet.com intrusion of Yanshanian granite provided heat and hydrothermal fluid and partial source of ore-forming materials during the ore-forming process. The shapes,occurrences and scales of ore bodies were controlled by the spatial combination form of basalts and granite.Based on systematically collecting of drilling data, and combined with elevation measurement of the basalt in the east area of Gejiu, spatial distribution map of basalt and granite has been systematically drew with amendments, shapes and occurrences of the rock bodies have been displayed by 3D technique, and ore-forming regularities have also been concluded according to the spatial relationship among the known ore deposits (bodies) and basalt layer and granite. Under the guidance of metallization-prospecting model of basaltic deposit, profitable positions of prospecting are concluded, through analysis on the spatial combination profile features of basalt layer and granite. And prospecting targets are delimited in the research area by using GIS technique. These provide scientific bases for prospecting prognosis.

Study on the Effect of Alloying Element for Mg-Al Alloy Mechanical Properties with Valence Electron Theory

　　Study on the Effect of Alloying Element for Mg-Al Alloy Mechanical Properties with Valence Electron Theory
　　It is essential to study the alloying behaviors of alloying elements and discuss the effect on the Mg-Al alloy mechanical properties from the electron level. In this article, on the base of Yu’s empirical electron theory of solids and molecules(EET) and Cheng’s improved TFD theory, the valence electron structures of solid solution phase、sencond phase and phase interfaces which formed by the main alloying element melting in the Mg-Al alloy are calculated and the relationships between valence electron structures and solid solution strengthen、sencond phase strengthen、interfaces strengthen、grain refinement are analyzed. Main results are given below:1. The valence electron Segment neodymium magnets structures of Mg-Al-Y、Mg-Al-Nd solid solution phase are calculated and the microscopic mechanisms on which alloying elements improve the substrate’s intensity are pointed out in accoding to the phase structure factor nA andρVC.2. The valence electron structures of main strengthening phases are calculated and the key network are analyzed. Among the nA value(valence electron pairs on the strongest bond), the biggest is sAAl4Ce =0.69694, the smallest is nAMg2Ca =0.30245, which are bigger than that ofα-Mg’s( nAα?Mg=0.11233).
　　The second phases enormously hinder the dislocation、phase boundary and crystal boundary’s movement, which enhancs the alloy intensity.3. A new phase structure factor, the total bond-forming ability in unit volume FV, is defined, by which the total bond-forming ability in a structural unit can be measured and the stability of alloying system can be estimated. Compared the FV value ofγ-Mg17Al12 (γ-Mg17Al12FV =44.22), Al3Nd is the biggest, which enable dislocation movement to be blocked under high temperature condition and is advantageous to http://www.999magnet.com improves the high temperature performance of Mg-Al alloy.4. The interface electron structures of Al2Ca(111)//α-Mg( 112 1)、Mg2Ca(001)//α-Mg(0001)、Mg3Sb2(001)//α-Mg( 101 0)、γ-Mg17(Al,Sb)12(110)//α-Mg(0001) are calculated and interface conjunction factor ofρ、Δρ、σare obtained. The interface electronic density contrast formed by strengthening phases and substrate is greater, and the result of interface enhancement and grain refinement is better, which effectively raises the operation temperature of Mg-Al alloy.5. The microscopic mechanisms of grain refinement are preliminarily analyzed, and it can be supposed that earth element enhance bonding strength of atoms Neighbored to it in the liquid state alloy, Which causes its key-formed atom to be unable to participate in other crystal growth processes, and the process itself growing up also slow down because of other atomic fetters. This processes, therefore, increase the substrate’s nucleation rate, slow down the crystal growth speed, then refine the grain size.

Study on Surface Modification of Ni-based Catalysts by Low Temperature Plasma

　　Study on Surface Modification of Ni-based Catalysts by Low Temperature Plasma
　　The utilization of methane has been investigated worldwide for the production of more valuable chemicals in recent years. Partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas has attracted much more attention for its special superiorities recently. Among the investigated catalysts, Ni-based catalysts are more promising for their high catalytic activity and low cost. However, the catalysts tested require high temperature activation, and easily lose their activity due to the serious carbon deposit, which limts their further industrial applications. Many scholars try to improve their Alnico magnets catalytic activity and coking-resistant ability by adding lanthanon or alkali metals to the Ni-based catalysts, and have made a small progress but have not solved the problems radically.Based on the previous work, Ni-based catalysts were treated by low temperature plasma under different pressures. It was found that plasma treatment can improve catalytic activity, selectivity and anti-carbon ability. Moreover, plasma treatment can keep the ratio of Ni0/NiO at a certain range which may contributes greatly to the higher catalytic activity and the improved anti-carbon deposition. The reaction initiative temperature was disincreased markedly by adding Pt to Ni-based catalysts or by plasma treatment. It was also found http://www.999magnet.com that effects of different pressure on the catalysts’characters can be seen. When the other conditions are all the same, the pressure is higher, the catalytic activity is higher.It was also found that the different dicharge gas has different effects on the catalysts. The catalytic activity was higher when the discharge gas was mixed gas. The reason may be that after reaction, the Ni0 content on the surface of the catalyst treated by the mixed gas of N2 and O2 or Ar and O2 was higher than that on the surface of the catalyst treated by pure Ar or N2 plasma.

混合动力特种车辆用无刷电机全数字控制研究

　　混合动力特种车辆用无刷电机全数字控制研究
　　Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has motor and gas engine drive. HEV is practical and exigent vehicle owing to its predominant performance, small exhaust gas and pollution. HEV could also be used for special purpose, such as for cover-up when driving by motor engine, or as field electric vehicle when driving by electrical engine. The HEV fix two drive systems in smaller space. Motor drive system is required to not only possess small volume and light weight, but also achieve performance of electromotor and generator. Especially when the HEV applies the brake, in Magnetic lifter order to energize the storage battery, it is expected that voltage brought by generator is higher than voltage of the storage battery even if speed of generator is slower. At present, this is a new question for discussion and challenge to the HEV.Brushless direct current motor drive system based on DSP in the HEV is researched by complete digital control manner in the paper. Integrating electromotor and generator, a rare earth permanent magnet brushless direct current motor (REPM BLDCM) control system http://www.999magnet.com based on DSP in the HEV is studied. The software control thought achieving performance of electromotor and generator is given on condition that the hardware of control circuit is not changed. It is realized that voltage brought by generator is higher than voltage of the storage battery even though speed of generator is slower. The overall project design, hardware and software design of the control system are presented particularly. The design scheme of the paper is tested and the sample has been manufactured. The satisfactory result is shown by the prototype trials.Finally, shortage in project research is analyzed and suggestion is given.

Investigations on the Surface Spalling Mechanism and Performance Improvement of ZG-Mn13 Railway Frog

　　Investigations on the Surface Spalling Mechanism and Performance Improvement of ZG-Mn13 Railway Frog
　　ZG-Mn13 cast steel, which is used in the railway frog, forms frequently the pitting spot even spalling on the surface due to the influence of alternate load and the corrosion atmosphere, which leads to the failure of the whole component.Based on the failure mechanism analysis of frog surface spalling, through the research into the surface spalling fracture, chemical composition, microstructure, surface hardness and mechanic properties, a conclusion can be drawn that the railroad frog surface spalling and falling block is attributed to corrosion fatigue failure. Under the combined Neodymium Magnets condition of the intensive impact load and the environment corrosion, fatigue cracks firstly sprout from the material flaw place and the slipping line place where the work hardening forms because there are the casting defects of shrinkage, air hole and inclusion in the material organization.
　　When the superficial and the inferior superficial cracks unceasingly expand and converge, the surface flaking block come into being.In order to have a further study on the effect of the in-service condition of railway frog on its failure, finite element software of ANSYS is used to analyze the complex stress condition of the frog. The result indicates that the maximum stress at the superficial contact point reaches 5300MPa, and the action depth reaches 15mm with the stress 830MPa, which is consistent with the actual hardening depth of high manganese steel frog. In addition, the horizontal stress induced from friction force and impact load is 2400MPa, and the depth reaches 1.5mm http://www.999magnet.com with the shearing stress of 700MPa, which accelerate directly the frog surface flaking.By decreasing carbon content, increasing manganese content, adding an niobium, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum and rare-earth elements, and adding a small copper or nickel to improve its corrosive resistance, and by developing new casting and heat treatment techniques, the properties of ZG-Mn13 steel is improved based on the original high manganese steel materials. The results indicate that, materials crystal grain is homogeneous in size, crystal boundary can be purified, and corrosion fatigue life of the new ZG-Mnl3 steel exceeds that of the original high manganese steel by three times, even without lowering of abrasion resistance. Thus extends the useful life of the railway frog.

The Research of High-quality Dual-redundancy Rudder Servo System

　　The Research of High-quality Dual-redundancy Rudder Servo System
　　Missile rudder is the executive part of missile flying system, and is close to the attack precision of the missile.This dissertation introduces the background and significance of the research and the present situation and developing prospect of the EMA Servo. In the paper, a set of fully-digital-signal servo system for missile rudder based on DSP (TMS320F2812) is designed in magnet lifter accordance with the high accuracy position servo.
　　The structure and principle of the electric steering engine and dual-redundancy motor is also introduced. On the basis of the brief introduction of the math model of BLDCM with one winding and double windings, the dynamical mathematics model for BLDCM according to the state equation is provided, some simulation waveforms and results are acquired, meanwhile, the theoretical analysis of some system faults such as inverter switch failure, winding failure and position sensor failure is given. According to the general design, the detailed system hardware and software design is finished, the position servo’s digital control and the function of the double windings’ current balance is realized, the system possesses certain ability of redundancy management and fault tolerant.In hardware design, the construction process of the whole servo with TMS320F2812 DSP as the core controller is explained, and the key part is analyzed in detail; the CPLD control logic is designed, and http://www.999magnet.com the waveform by simulation based on maxplus-II is also provided. In software design, the paper discusses the integrated embedded software development environment for Texas Instrument’s TMS320 series DSP firstly, and the resources of DSP we used secondly. The main algorithm — completely-digital triple-loop control, composed by current loop, velocity loop and position loop is adopted. And the multi-mode PID control algorithm is used concretely in view of the nonlinearity and time-change nature. Especially in the current loop design, average current injection method is adopted, and the method is quite convenient to solve the current balance problem. Meanwhile, the redundancy management is facilitated. Finally, the experiment results are analyzed and it’s proved that the system possesses strong robustness and good dynamic-static performance.At the end of the paper, all factors which affect the system performance are analyzed, and optimization designs are presented.

Software Study on AC Servo System for NC Lathe

　　Software Study on AC Servo System for NC Lathe
　　AC servo system is the core of numerical control lathe. It has great impact on the processing precision and efficiency of parts. Most AC servo system needed by high performance numerical control mation tool are imported from abroad. This actuality restricts the development of numerical control machine tool industry. Along with the fast development of power electronics, micro-computers, rare earth permanent magnet materials and control theory, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been widely applied in motion control system of medium or low capacity, PMSM has become the developing direction of servo drive in servo drive field.In this thesis, Neodymium Magnets AC servo system of permanent magnet synchronous motor is designed to be suited to lathe. We applied FOC theory to realize uncouple of controls parameter of PMSM and linearization control, and applied SVPWM technology to increase voltage using rate. Whole system has the virtue of simple control and good performance.In this thesis, the TMS320LF2407 DSP is applied. The high-speed digital signal processing (DSP) completes the complicated algorithm of control, and suits the velocity modulation system that creates the high performance. And the core has abundant resources. So hardware circuit and software is simplified.In this thesis, based on a digital signal processor TMS320LF2407, a controller for PMSM the AC servo system of FOC system of PMSM has been set up by using FOC theory and SVPWM technology. In order to increase dynamic characteristic and static characteristic, we designed the PI speed controller and PI current controller.To simplify circuit and improve reliability of the system, http://www.999magnet.com IPM is applied as power parts in this thesis. The hardware system is composed of the power circuit, protecting circuit, control circuit, sampling circuit. The power circuit includes rectification, filtering circuit, inversion (IPM), drive of the IPM. The protecting circuit includes the over voltage and under voltage protection, current limiting protection, wrong protection of IPM, over current protection, etc. The control circuit includes the simplest system, the SCI, SPI circuit, the debug input circuit, PWM pulse produced

Design and Research of Damper Based on Smart Material Excited by Magnetic Field

　　Design and Research of Damper Based on Smart Material Excited by Magnetic Field
　　Both giant magnetostrictive materials (GMM) and magntorheological fuid (MRF) are smart materials which has the potential to be used in the vibration control and some other technology fields because of their inherent excellent properties. GMM and MRF are both excited by magnetic field which is generated by electric current or permanent magnet. Scientists all over the world focused much attention on the preparation and the mechanical properties of GMM and MRF, and the control strategies of the equipments which consist of the two materials. Several significant magnet lifter achievements have been obtained in these fields, however, few literatures details the analysis and the design methods of the magnetic circuit in GMM actuators or MRF dampers, which are the primary coverage of this paper.
　　The main points are such as the following two parts:1. Design and research on GMM actuatorIn order to meet the requirement of large output force in vibration suppression of civil engineering structures, a high-power GMM actuator consists of Terfeno-D, which is a kind of alloy made from several rare earth-irons, has been fabricated. The static force and the displacement it can generate were more than 5.5 ton and 250μm, respectively. The detailed design method, especially about the permanent magnetic circuit, was given and the feasibility of the method was testified by Finite Elements Method (FEM) analysis with the usage of the commercial software Ansys. Besides, the http://www.999magnet.com key parameters such as the dimension of solenoid and the distance between the permanent magnets which affects the performance of GMM actuators greatly were studied. In the process of the above analysis some new phenomenon were found and explained. An elementary investigation of calorific characteristics of GMM actuators was also carried out.2. Design and research on MRF damperComprehensive FEM static magnetic analysis of MRF damper was performed. Many main structural parameters, which significantly influence the magnetic features of MRF dampers, such as the gap between the piston and the house of damper, the distance between the current-carrying coils etc., were studied. Then some effective new ways to optimize the magnetic circuit were introduced.

The Basic Research of the Hybrid Excitation Switched Reluctance Motor

　　The Basic Research of the Hybrid Excitation Switched Reluctance Motor
　　The switched reluctance motor(SRM) has series of advantages, such as thesimple and firmly structure, large starting torque, good performance under lowspeed, and so on. So people start to focus on the SRM system among all kinds ofdrive systems. The hybrid excitation switched reluctance motor (HESRM) project,which this paper introduces, combines the rare-earth permanent magnet materialswith the conventional SRM which is excited totallybyelectricity.Firstly, the paper reviews the present status of the switched reluctance motor(SRM). And strong magnets elaborate the HESRM’s working principle, analyze theelectromagnet torque of the HESRM. And then analyze the effect of thepermanent magnet on the electromagnet torque of the motor by equivalentmagnetic circuit graphic method.Secondly, build up the inductance data base, on which the current’smathematical model is based. And simulate the HESRM’s current under the ratedspeed through the model.Thirdly, analyze the effect that the motor’s parameter, such as the motor’spolar arc, the size of the permanent magnet, and so on, does on the motor’sbehavior. Lay the foundation for the design and optimization of this series motor.Do the experiment on the model motor. The result of the experiment well agreesthe data of the simulation.At last, compare the performance of the HESRM and the conventional SRM.Through the http://www.chinamagnets.biz comparison, get the conclusion that the HESRM has higher powerdensity, larger out torque, est. than the conventional SRM. So it does have a greatexpectation in various industrial applications.

Study on the Drive and Control Technology of Hybrid Excitation Switched Reluctance Motor

　　Study on the Drive and Control Technology of Hybrid Excitation Switched Reluctance Motor
　　Hybrid Excitation Switched Reluctance Motor-HESRM is a new genre of motor , it is created by putting permanent magnet between adjacent stators of the conventional switched reluctance motor-SRM. So it not only inherits the advantages from the conventional SRM, but also possesses many advantages of permanent magnet motor, such as its high power density, large output torque etc. It is valued to research and useful to apply.At first, the development and global application background of SRM are introduced; the advantages and disadvantages of SRM neodymium rare earth magnets are discussed in this paper. And based on the compares between the different power converters and between the different control strategies, the advantages and disadvantages of the converters and control strategies are analyzed.Secondly, compare the HESRM and the conventional SRM, and explain the structure and working principle of HESRM in details; then a equation of electromagnetic torque is educed by the way of mathematic method. Based on the equation, a new method that can improve the deferent torque is brought forward. This new method uses the improved power converter, that can short the established time of the on-phase current and the continuous current time of the off-phase current, and the deferent torque can be increased by the method. Because of the additional permanent magnets of HESRM, the winding flux is augmented. At the same time, the augment speed of the deferent torque can be accelerated by http://www.chinamagnets.biz using the improved power converter. So, the performance of the motor is improved. This theory is validated by MATHEMATIC simulation and the experiment platform which is established by the project group.Finally, the speed control system of HESRM is designed in the paper, the system uses the double closed-loop control method. And the idle load characteristics of the motor is simulated by MATLAB, then the simulated results of speed is given.

Structural Characterization and Molecular Modelling for Representative Chemicals

　　Structural Characterization and Molecular Modelling for Representative Chemicals
　　Compound structures determine their nature and each character is closely related to their structures. Therefore, it is great significant that analysis and study their change rules between molecular structure characterizations and physico-chemical properties or biological activities. Building quantitative relationships between molecular structures and properties, and explaining and predicting the properties and functions of the material from theory are very important to Ball Neodymium Magnets quantitative structure activity/property relationships (QSAR/ QSPR). The key is to find the simple molecular structural descriptors which can efficiently reflect the molecular itself. Therefore, author built series simple descriptors according to molecular structural characterization of 35 nitrobenzenes and 135 polychlorinated biphnylsisomers, respectively. The molecular descriptors can not only represent substituents’ differences, but also reflect the positions of substituents. The equations are established between molecular structure parameters and nitrobenzene acute toxicity for black head stupid fish, polychlorinated biphnylsisomers of gas chromatography retention index by using multivariate linear regression method, respectively. The results indicate that the models built by our methods show both better stability and stronger external predictive capability that ones by leave-one-out (LOO) cross validation and Jackknife random sample test. At the same time the author proposes a novel atom valence http://www.chinamagnets.biz shell electron quantum topologiacal index based on topologidal chemical principle and atom valence shell electron structure characters with the help of hidden core graph of ground state atom valence shell electrons. With combining even ionization energy of atom valance shell electrons, a set of new scale for elemental electronegativity is put forward. Using the formula of elemental electronegativity certain elemental electronegativity vacants in the Periodic Table are filled. The methods can be also applied in the expansion of the series of rare earth compounds, and the results indicate that the index established has excellent structural selectivity and

Growth and Properties of YGdVO4 Mixed Crystals

　　Growth and Properties of YGdVO4 Mixed Crystals
　　Diode-pumped Solid-state Lasers (DPSSL) have been widely used in the fields of military, medical treatment, optical communication, material processing, laser measurement, etc, due to its advantages such as compactness, long lifetime, all-solid state, high efficiency and high stability. Searching for more efficient laser crystals has become a hot point since such Neodymium Magnets materials play important roles both in laser designing and laser application.Single crystals of rare earth orthovanadate (REVO4) have been proved to be excellent laser materials.
　　Yttrium Gadolinium vanadate crystal (YGdVO4) is a new hot laser material. It has good laser properties such as lager wide absorption band, high thermal conductivity and low threshold. This crystal is a promising material in high power laser application. Yb3+-doped materials and Er3+-doped materials have many advantages. However, studies on Yb:YGdVO4 crystal and Er,Yb:YGdVO4 crystal are scarce by far. So it is necessary to carry out research work on Yb:YGdVO4 crystal and Er,Yb:YGdVO4 crystal.It was investigated on the crystal growth, structure, thermal properties, optical properties and crystal defects of Yb:YGdVO4 crystal and Er,Yb:YGdVO4 crystal in this thesis.The polycrystalline materials were synthesized by the liquid-phase method. Using the purified polycrystalline materials and with a strict synthesis control. Excellent single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method. The experiment phenomena during crystal growth have been discussed. The crystal http://www.999magnet.com structure and growth morphology were analyzed. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) results show that the structure of the crystals is as same as ZrSiO4. The lattice constants of the crystals were calculated. Segregation coefficients were measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis method. The density of crystals was measured by using buoyancy method at room temperature. The thermal diffusion coefficient of the crystals were measured by the crystal pulse method. Thermal expansions of the crystals were measured. Optical absorption property of the crystals were investigated in spectral regions of 300-1800 nm at room temperature. Optical microscopy and chemical etching were used to observe and investigate the defects of the crystals. Mechanism of defects formation was discussed and corresponding solutions were also presented so as to improve crystal quality.

Study on Dropped Modification of Layered LiMnO2 as Cathode Materials

　　Study on Dropped Modification of Layered LiMnO2 as Cathode Materials
　　Layered LiMnO2 has been widely used owing to its high theoretical capacity of 285mAh/g and low cost compared with LiCoO2, but it can’t meet the requirement of the practical use as its poor cycle stability, which is a result of the Jahn-Teller distortion effect causing by tervalent manganese ion. Thus, many research groups have focused on the feasible techniques of preparation and the methods to enhance the cycle stability of layered lithium manganese oxide.In allusion to strong magnets  the problem of poor stability, the synthesis and electrochemistry of layered LiMnO2 with the raw materials of acetate manganese, acetate lithium, acetate cobalt, acetate lanthanum, lithium hydroxide and so on, by sol-gel process and hydrothermal synthesis is investagated. The results of XRD, SEM and electrochemical test (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscope EIS, Cyclic Voltammetry CV, charge-discharge) show that a good single layered structure by adding rare earth elements is built up, and electrochemical performance has been noticeably improved, especially the 4% of La-doped materials made by sol-gel process, while the layered structure of the single-component doped material might change to spinel http://www.chinamagnets.biz structure nonreversibly, and the capacity also decayed rapidly.To solve this problem, multi-element systems, ie, Cr/La, Ni/La, Ni/Co/La and Ni/Co/Ce are together introduced into the layered LiMnO2, and the influence of the different doping on the performance of the structure and stability of Cathode Materials. The results show that doping elements played a "supporting" role, restraining phase change, resulted in the great improvement of the cycling stability. At the same time, it is of the less obvious that the improvement on the stability of the layered material introducing the three-element systems by Hydrothermal Synthesis.

Micro-structure-influence Research on the Double Phase Nano-composite Permanent Magnet

　　Micro-structure-influence Research on the Double Phase Nano-composite Permanent Magnet　　    As new permanent magnets, double-phase nanocomposite permanent magnets have recently attracted considerable attention. This type of alloys integrates advantages of hard magnetic phase’s high magnetocrystalline anisotropy and soft magnetic phase’s high saturation magnetization, and obtains the excellent magnetic Cylinder neodymium magnet properties through exchange-coupled interaction on a scale of the order nm. Theoretical estimation indicates that double-phase nanocomposite permanent magnet material’s energy product may reach as high as 800kJ/m3, higher than any kind of single-phase permanent-magnet material. This kind of material also has characteristics of low rare earth content and good chemical stability, Therefore, it is of great practical value and to be the new generation of low price caking permanent-magnet material, it will have promising application prospect.Firstly, this author studied the take-shape craft of double-phase nanocomposite permanent magnet material, including the performance by pressure and time’s maintenance to magnet’s density and the magnetism. The result indicates that the magnet density increases along with the pressure and time.
　　The magnet density reaches the biggest one when pressure is 600MPa and time is 150s. When the pressure or the time is continually increased, the magnet density will no longer increase, there is possibility to create break interior and reduce the production efficiency. This suppressed craft was still used in following experiments.Secondly, the author studied the agglutinate craft of double-phase nanocomposite permanent magnet material, which had two variables: high agglutinates- temperature and heat preservation time. Had determined the elevation of temperature mechanism according to the differential-thermal analysis curve, the elevation of temperature speed is 3~5℃. Three specimens were selected in experiment, their serial numbers were3#、4#、5#, separately used in different high agglutinates-temperature, and simultaneously different heat preservation time , the result is that the 4# is burn to be most compact, and the compactness is the highest when the heat preservation time is the 150min http://www.chinamagnets.biz  . According to the micro analysis, the Crystal grain of test specimen has ruled size, and the distribution is even, and no crystalless phase exists.Finally, the author studied the influence of adding element on the double-phase nanocomposite permanent magnet material, the author choose the representative replacement element Co and doping element Mo in adding element, the recruitment control is below 1.0wt%, the experiment is divided into six groups, different group with different element addition and different recruitment. Concluded by the micro analysis, among the six groups, the foemer of group adding with Mo element is better than that adding with Co element. It has more tiny-even crystal grain, and among the group adding with Mo element, 0.5wt%Mo is the best one. The final result indicates that Co element actually has enhances the magnetism performance influence on craft of Nd-Fe-B, and the Mo element mainly played the thin crystal grain role, the magnetism performance had the enhancement. 更多还原

　　3，5-吡唑二甲酸类过渡金属配合物的合成，结构及表征
　　With the development of the syntheses and researches in functional complexes, the researches in molecular materials with magnetic properties have developed rapidly. Search for good ligands is main direction to synthesize molecular magnets. In this thesis, four transition metal coordination polymers of 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid and alkali organic ligand (e.g pyridine (Py) or Ethylenediamine (en)) were prepared from water or methanol. The three transition metal coordination compounds of with N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-2,6-pyridinediamine(H2L) Cube neodymium magnet were prepared from methanol.The basic-concepts, species, methods of syntheses and their applications are briefly summarized; H3Dcp and symmetric bis-Schiff base are reviewed concisely.Four new transition metal coordination polymers [Ni4(HDcp)4(Py)12]·2(Py)·5CH3OH·3H2O(1), [Cu(en)2](HDcp)·CH3OH·H2O(2), [Ni(en)3]3(HDcp)3·5H2O(3) and [Co(en)2(HDcp)]·5H2O(4) with Py or en as control-ligand were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, thermogravimetry analysis and X-ray crystallography.
　　The results show the coordination polymer 1 revealed a unique "open-box" molecule; Each Ni is six-coordinate distorted octahedral structure. For the coordination geometry of Ni, one HDcp2- bonds the metal through its carboxylate oxygen O and its adjacent pyrazole nitrogen N, and another HDcp2- bonds the metal through its carboxylate oxygen O, and pyridine molecule bonds the metal through its N. H3Dcp do not bond with metal in the complexes 2 and 3, and it is in structure as anion HDcp2-. Ligand en bonds the metal through its N. Cu2+ is four-coordinate in complex 2, Ni2+ is six-coordinate in complex 3. H3Dcp and en bonds with metal in the complex 4, the HDcp2- bonds the metal through its carboxylate oxygen O and its adjacent pyrazole nitrogen N, and the en bonds http://www.chinamagnets.biz   the metal through its N.A series of homotetranucleus complexes (H2Dcp)5(H3Dcp)0.7ErCo·10H2O, (H2Dcp)5(H3Dcp)4 GdCo·20H2O, (H2Dcp)2(HDcp)FeMn·6H2O have been synthesized by the assembly reaction of rare earth nitrate and transition metal nitrate, and control pH with nitric acid. Complexes [Co(H2Dcp)2(H2O)2]·H2O and (H2Dcp)2(HDcp) FeMn·6H2O were obtained.The three transition metal complexes of (Cu, Ni and Co) with N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-2,6-pyridinediamine(H2L) were prepared from methanol. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and thermogravimetry analysis. Compositions of these complexes were confirmed to be CuL·5H2O, NiL·5H2O, CoL·2H2O. IR spectra and UV spectra of the complexes are described. The results show two phenolic oxygen and two imino nitrogen atoms of H2L coordinate to M(Ⅱ) ions. The cyclic voltametric behavior of the complexes is also reported.

Element Geochemical Behavior during the Ultrahigh-pressure Metamorphism

Element Geochemical Behavior during the Ultrahigh-pressure Metamorphism
　　The main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project(CCSD) is located at Donghai,The 0～2050 m recovered cores in CCSD-MH are mainly comprised of eclogite, orthogneiss(granitic gneiss),paragneiss and ultramafic rock,and cumulate thickness of eclogite is about 1200 m.This UHP terrane were subducted to mantle and experienced ultral-high pressure metamorphism simultaneously,finally these UHP rocks were exhumed to the crust,These typical UHP rocks can provide critical information for element chemical behavior during the continental deep subduction.The eclogite form the hole have a very wide variation of major and trace element abundances,and have been classified into high-Si,high-Al,high-Ti,high Fe-Ti,high-Mg and normal types.On the basic of petrology,in this study,we collected these eclogite and garnet pyroxene,trace element compositions of UHP minerals in the eclogites and garnet pyroxenites are carefully analyzed by in situ LA-ICP-MS.Using these data together with whole-rock compositions of UHP rocks and major element compositions of UHP minerals,the Block Neodymium magnets authors discussed the distribution and partitioning of trace elements in various minerals,and the UHP metamorphic P-T conditions and the fluid-rocks interaction.The results show that LREE and Sr are mainly concentrated in apatite,epidote and omphacite,HREE are mainly concentrated in garnet,LILE such as Ba and Rb are strongly partitioned in phengite,HFSE in rutile and ilmenite, V,Sc,Co and Ni in garnet and omphacite,while Zr and Hf in zircon.The study indicate that the trace element contents and their distribution pattern in UHP minerals are controlled by the whole rock compositions,the mineral assemblages and contents of the host rocks.In addition,the following conclusions are reached,the distributions of trace elements among UHP minerals are of mutual equilibrium,and the partition coefficients are very similar to those in mantle eclogites, and probably indicating that the peak-stage UHP metamorphic temperatures of eclogites were higher than 900～1000℃.some garnets from the high-Ti eclogite,high-Si eclogite and high
　　Fe-Ti eclogite show obvious growth compositional zoning both in major and trace elements,suggesting that the host UHP rocks were very rapidly uplifted.Zr contents in eclogitic rutiles are not only controlled by the metamorphic temperature but also by other factors such as the Zr contents in the whole rocks and the compositional diffusion during the retrograde metamorphism,so the Zr-in-rutile geothermometer is not always credible.During the UHP metamorphism,supercritical silicate-rich aqueous fluids have resulted in major fractionation between Nb and Ta in rutiles,so that the eclogitic rutiles have superchondrite Nb/Ta value.Therefore,voluminous eclogites that had been subducted to the mantle depth provide probably a hidden reservoir with higher than chondrite Nb/Ta ratio in the Earth.The fluids in the various stages of retrogression of UHP eclogites are different in origin,composition and flow scale.The melts or fluids came from the phengite can interact with rocks and http://www.999magnet.com other minerals,so have been recorded by them.Combined study of Laser Raman spectroscopy,cathodoluminescene(CL) images and SHRIMP and LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating reveals that zircons separated from the eclogite in the main drill hole CCSD-MH retain magmatic core with inherited ages(206pb/238U) of 294～781Ma, indicating that the magmatic zircons of the protolith have a variety of sources,and partial loss of Pb from some zircons in the protolith.UHP mineral-bearing domains of zircons recorded 206～237Ma(206pb/238U) for the UHP metamorphic condition,with an weighted mean age of 220Ma.Magmatic zircons are characterized by high heavy rare earth element(HREE),Y,Th,U content,and high Th/U ratio,its chondrite normalized REE pattern are characterized by LREE strongly depleted,HREE strongly riched,with a minus Eu anomalies.Compared with the magmatic zircon,the UHP zircon domains are characterized by lower HREE,Y,Th,Nb composition,and lower Th/U ratio,and high Hf content,its chondrite normalized REE pattern are characterized by LREE strongly depleted,HREE gentle riched.

Forming Conditions Researching of "Black-type" and "Cyprus-type" Massive Sulfide Deposits in the North Qilian Mountains

Forming Conditions Researching of "Black-type" and "Cyprus-type" Massive Sulfide Deposits in the North Qilian Mountains
　　North Qilian Orogenic Belt is one of the most important copper mineralized belts in China. Besides the sedimentary-hosted deposits of exhalation (SEDEX)-Jingtieshan iron deposit, volcano-associated massive sulfide (VMS) deposition is the main type in the area. Based on the mineralized tectonics, Petrography and ore geochemistry divide the deposits into two types: one is Cu (Pb, Zn) type mineralization which formed in the felsic lava of continent rift and IA setting; the other is Cu(Zn) type which formed in the ocean crust. The former have been studing for a long time since the exploration of Baiyinchang deposits, in contrary, the later is discussed only for the founding of ShiJuLi (XueQuan) deposits in these years, then shows immense exploitation potential.In North Qilian Orogenic Belt, the Cu (Pb, Zn) type mineralization which formed in the felsic lava of continent margin rift and IA Block Neodymium magnets setting has characters of "Black-type" massive sulfide deposit; the Cu (Zn) type which formed in the ocean crust has characters of "Cyprus-type" massive sulfide deposit. Through analyze the mineralizing geological characters, rocks geochemistry, zircon U—Pb LAICPMS dating, tectonic setting, hydro-fluid, regional mineralization potential, we know that both the two kinds deposits formed in the Caledonian time of Ordovician. The "Black-type" massive sulfide deposit formed in the island arc rift setting in North Qilian Mountains, hosted in quartz keratophyre. Magma hydrotherm, seawater and subducting plate liquid composed the mineralizing liquid system together. Different types of mineralizing model formed with the convective circulation system, which limited the margin of the back-arc basin and centered the cove.
　　The "Cyprus-type" massive sulfide deposit formed in the back-arc basin setting during North Qilian ocean-basin subduction within ocean, with the eruption of basic lavas. Magma hydrothermal blended with ocean water, and produced hydrothermal circulation system. The mineralization was controled under seafloor volcano framework and the earth’s surface part valley. And altered by the orogenic action later to enrich copper deposit. The acid volcanic rocks in continental rift and IA, basic lava back-arc basin ophiolites developing Ordovician are the very important place to exploration "Black-type" and "Cyprus-type" deposits separately.This paper systemically studies on main elements, trace elements , rare element and Sr、Nd、Pd isotopes of the ore-hosting volcanic rocks represents of Baiyinchang and Shijuli areas. The two kinds of volcanic rocks have clear characters of subduction zone magmas. The difference is the ore-hosting volcanic rocks of Baiyingchang "Black-type" massive sulfide deposit forming in continental margin arc of acting continental margin; and the ore-hosting volcanic rocks of Shijuli "Cyprus-type" sulfide copper deposit forming in ocean arc of within http://www.999magnet.com ocean plate. Correspondingly, the quartz keratophyre of Baiyinchang comes from original mantle partly melting with liquid of subduction plate, mixed with some continental crust during the magma rising and invading. Same as Baiyinchang, the source of the rich natrium basalts of Shijuli is partly melting of the original mantle with liquid of subduction plate, but no intermingle of continental materials. The volcanic magma liquid offered abundance of metallic elements Cu, Pb, Zn and so on. Different magma liquid from magma lost gas contains different metallic elements, and formed different types of mineralization elements combination. Researching show that the mineralizing liquid formed the Qilian Mountains Baiyingchang "Black-type" massive sulfide deposit is mixed of magma and marine water, and marine water is primary. The sulfur is mainly from mantal magma, and mixed with continental crust sulfur. The mineralizing hydrothermal system infected by continental crust mostly, and produced with calcium- alkali acid volcanic rocks, so has mineralized characters of "Black-type" massive sulfide deposit, and the mineralizing elements compounding is Zn-Cu-Pb-Au. In the mineralizing liquid formed back-arc "Cyprus-type" massive sulfide deposit, magma increase and marine water decrease. The mineralizing sulfur mainly is sulfate deoxidized sulfur of marine water. The deposit coexists with basalt, and the mineralizing elements compounding is Cu-Zn, showing mineralizing characters of "Cyprus-type" massive sulfide deposit.

Ultrasensitive Time-resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for Rapid Detection of Chloramphenicol

Ultrasensitive Time-resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for Rapid Detection of Chloramphenicol
　　Chloramphenicol(CAP) residues in human food have led to a lot of side effects include severe or fatal illnesses. It is stipulated in many countries, such as USA, Canada, Australia, EU member states and China that CAP not be detected in animals used as food. Therefore,it is important to develop a sensitive and simple method for CAP detection.Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) developed in recent ten years is a kind of infant nonradiolabeled immunoassay, which provides high specificity, high sensitivity, good repetition and can deal with a large number of samples.
　　A rapid and sensitive method of indirect competitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) for CAP determination was established in this paper. CAP was coupled with carrier protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Ovalbumin (OVA) to Alnico magnets  prepare immune antigen CAP-BSA and coating antigen CAP-OVA. Anti-CAP polyclonal antibody was raised by immunization in rabbits. CAP-OVA was coated onto the microtitre plate. CAP or sample was added into the microtitre plate as a competitor, and incubated with limited anti-CAP antibody. A goat anti rabbit IgG-Eu3+ conjugate was used to enable detection. Results showed that the detection limit of the assay was 0.008 ng/ml (8ppt) for indirect competitive TRFIA formats. The assay range was 0.008 ng/ml -100 ng/ml. The concentration of CAP for 20%, 50% and 80% binding inhibition (ED20, ED50, ED80) were (25.75±0.442) ng/ml, (0.917±0.081) ng/ml and (0.033±0.0016) ng/ml. The inter- and intra-assay variabilities of the CAP-TRFIA were 6.8% and 13.5%. The cross reactivity of the CAP-TRFIA with Chloramphenicol succinate was 19.28%, while that with Thiamphenicol was less than 0.1%, that with Penicillin and Norfloxacin was less than 0.01%. The mean recovery of CAP from milk, honey, prawn muscle http://www.999magnet.com tissues and chicken muscle tissues samples was 79.7%, 112.6%, 92.1% and 97.1%. The thermal stability of CAP-TRFIA format was more than 6 months. The detection limit of CAP-TRFIA was signicantly enhanced compared with that of Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay(ELISA) kits in markets which is 0.05ng/ml . The ELISA kits have a high rate of false positive and the stability was not very good, because of the enzyme activity was much affected by temperature, pH and other factors. It was shown that the CAP-TRFIA with high stability and optimal range is the most sensitive assays reported and will be useful to screen CAP residuals simply and economically.

The Calculation of Parameters of the Equivalent Circuit of the Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Motor by Finite-element Method

The Calculation of Parameters of the Equivalent Circuit of the Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Motor by Finite-element Method
　　With the development of permanent magnet materials, the permanent magnet synchronous motor should be applied more and more widely because of its excellent efficiency, such as: high power density, good reliability and efficient conserving energy etc. The equivalent circuit parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor is an important parameters in designing permanent magnet synchronous motor, as well as important parameters in the research Magnetic lifter of electric machines’ capability. Because of the diversity and complexity of permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor magnetic pole structure, the calculation and the measurement of equivalent circuit parameters is always the emphases and difficulty in the calculation and the measurement of permanent magnet synchronous motor. In this paper, author paid a systemic research into the calculation and the measurement of equivalent circuit parameters.
　　Through compare with the result of the calculation and the measurement, acquire the interesting rule.The thesis is devoted to exploiting study on the calculation and the measurement of permanent magnet synchronous motor. Three parts include as follows:At first, introduce the method of the calculation and the measurement of permanent magnet synchronous motor all of the world. Then introduce a new improved calculation method of equivalent circuit parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor. The equivalent d-axis state and the equivalent q-axis state will be introduce. The equivalent circuit parameter can be acquire at the equivalent d-axis state and the equivalent q-axis. All of the thing can be finish with Ansoft.Then the permanent magnet motor with several kind of magnetic http://www.999magnet.com pole structure will be measure by several methods. The theory, method and data of all of the measurement method of the equivalent circuit parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor will be show. Bases on the data and experience, acquire the appropriate measurement method of all of permanent magnet synchronous motor. Through the measurement data, acquire the change rule of the equivalent circuit parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor. In the end sum up the change rule of the equivalent circuit parameters and saliency of permanent magnet synchronous motor with the change of the length of gap and magnetization and the ratio between the number of poles and slot.

Study on Irradiation Effect of FeCrCo and NdFeB Permanent Magnet Materials

Study on Irradiation Effect of FeCrCo and NdFeB Permanent Magnet Materials
　　Damage behaviors of FeCrCo alloy irradiated by neutrons and electrons and Damage behaviors of NdFeB permanent magnets irradiated by electrons and protons were studied systematically. Microstructures of these materials were studied by XRD, TEM. Defects induced by irradiation were studied by Positron Annihilation Life Spectroscope (PALS). Hyperfine structures of these alloys were studied by M?ssbauer spectroscope.Results of electrons irradiation experiments indicate that, magnetic flux of all 3 kinds of NdFeB alloys decreases obviously Alnico magnets after electron irradiation, and the magnetic flux decreased with the increase of dose of electorn irradiation. The decrease of magnetic flux of alloy N35 is the most remarkable, alloy N53 is the next, and N35EH is the most inapparent.
　　NdFeB magnets with high coercivity and high magnetic energy products have strong irradiation resistance. Magenetic flux of FeCrCo nearly does not attenuation after electron irradiation. The investigation results of XRD and PALS show that the crystal structure and defects do not change after electorn irradiation. Magnetic flux of FeCrCo alloy and NdFeB alloy irradiated by electrons shows reversible changes.The decrease of magnetic flux of N35EH and N53 alloy are especially remarkable after proton irradiation. Results of XRD and PALS experiments indicate that the crystal structure and vacancy defects do not change. Magnetic flux revert completely after charge magnetism. Proton irradiation don’t induce the change in structure of the materials. The nucleation http://www.999magnet.com and growth of reversal domain induced by irradiation is thought to be the main reason that causes the demagnetization of NdFeB magnets.The loss of magnetic flux of FeCrCo alloy after neutron is remarkable. The changes in coercivity are small, but the residual magnetization and the magnetic induction shows obvious irreversible loss. The results of TEM and XRD analysis indicate that irradiation lead to diffusion of alloy elements, although the crystal structure does not change. PALS studies show that vacancy cluster increases by neutron irradiation. M?ssbauer spectroscopy analysis indicates that the part of paramagnetic phase decreases while ferromagnetic phase increses, and hyperfine magnetic field shifts to higher field after irradiation.

东胜铀矿床和钱家店铀矿床后生蚀变特征及其与铀成矿关系

东胜铀矿床和钱家店铀矿床后生蚀变特征及其与铀成矿关系
　　Dongsheng and Qianjiadian uranium deposits are two sandstone-type uranium deposits discovered in China in recent years and have unique characteristics of the epigenetic alteration zones. The two deposits have been studied in detail mainly focusing on petrologic, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of their epigenetic alteration zones. Compared with typical interlayer-oxidation zone sandstone uranium deposits, the relation of their epigenetic alteration to the uranium mineralization has been discussed providing for uranium metallogenic prognosis.Observing under the microscope and electron probe microanalysis and SEM reveal that the uranium-hosting sandstone of the lower member of Zhiluo Formation in Dongsheng uranium deposit is lithic-feldspar sandstone and main alteration minerals are smectite, chlorite, epidote, calcite, limonite, pyrite, coffinite, etc; the uranium-hosting sandstone of Yaojia Formation in Qianjiadian uranium deposit is feldspathic litharenite and main strong magnets alteration minerals are kaolinite, calcite, limonite, pyrite, pitchblende, ect.Macroscopical observations and microcosmic studies of the epigenetic alteration zones of Dongsheng and Qianjiadian uranium deposits reveal that their epigenetic alteration zones are slightly different from those of the typical interlayer-oxidation zones. The unique gray-green epigenetic alteration zone of Dongsheng uranium deposit is mostly composed of gray-green and green sandstones, and alteration minerals are dominantly chlorite. It is considered that the gray-green epigenetic alteration zone is the product due to the alteration by the introduced fluids in the late stage, and maybe a part of the paleo-interlayer oxidation zone.
　　The unique bleached zone of Qianjiadian uranium deposit is mostly composed of gray-white sandstones closely related to the uranium mineralization, and alteration minerals are dominantly kaolinite. It is proposed that the bleached zone is the product due to the alteration by the acidic weak-oxidizing fluids, and is a part of the interlayer oxidation zone. Main reasons for the bleached sandstone in the color of white are transfer of Fe2+, oxidation of TOC and kaolinization of sandstone.The distribution characteristics of major elements, minor elements and REE in sandstone of different geochemical types in Dongsheng and Qianjiadian uranium deposits are basically found. Compared with the gray sandstone in Dongsheng uranium deposit, the gray-green sandstone is characterized http://www.chinamagnets.biz by lower contents of TOC, S, and CaO, and slightly higher content of Al2O3,ΣREE and U, and higher ratio of LREE/HREE, and lower ratio ofΔFe2O3/FeO, ect. Compared with the gray sandstone in Qianjiadian uranium deposit, the bleached sandstone is characterized by lower contents of TOC, S, CaO andΣREE, and higher contents of SiO2, Al2O3 and U, and higher ratios of LREE/HREE andΔFe2O3/FeO, ect.Field investigations in the study area, and petrologic and mineralogical observations under the microscope and some analyses reveal that the epigenetic alteration of Dongsheng uranium deposit can mainly be divided into three types: interlayer oxidation, reducing sulfide alteration, reduction of oil-gas. Hower ,that of Qianjiadian uranium deposit can mainly be divided into two types: interlayer oxidation and reducing sulfide alteration. The epigenetic oxidation is the important condition for the migration and enrichment of uranium, while the reducing geochemical barrier composed of the epigenetic and original reduction is the key factor that uranium for the precipitation of uranium to form a deposit, and it is also the important condition for the preservation of uranium deposits.

The Relationship between Tectonic Evolution and Uranium Ore Formation of Sandstone Type in Shawabuqi Area, Xinjiang

The Relationship between Tectonic Evolution and Uranium Ore Formation of Sandstone Type in Shawabuqi Area, Xinjiang
　　Due to characteristics of low degree of uranium geological research and sandstone type uranium mineralization, which controlled by tectonic in Shawabuqi area, this dissertation discuss structural characteristics and the relationship between tectonic and uranium mineralization, finally propose tectonic-metallogenetic model of sandstone type uranium deposit in Shawabuqi area, mainly by study on tectonic evolution, Mesozoic and Cenozoic regional tectonic background of northern Trim Basin, uplifting epochs of Tianshan, basic characteristics of uranium ore-formation and the age of uranium ore-formation.From the west to east, the northern peripheral earth’s surface of Tarim Basin contain Keping thrust belt, Wushi thrust belt, and Kuqa thrust belt, each has its own rare earth magnets orientation and structural characteristics. But the formation and evolution of these thrust belts are related with distribution of faults. All faults are divided into two group, one group has thrust characteristic and its orientation is east-west or nearly north-east, it controls south-north distribution of folds, as a result, alternate appearances of uplift and depression in northern periphery of Tarim Basin, the other has strike-slip characteristic and its orientation is north-west, it controls east-west structural pattern, as a result, western structural deformation characteristics are different form eastern. The two group faults systems were formed in the condition of south-east compressed tectonic stress, result of research indicates that Himalayan epoch tectonic stress field made great influence on northern periphery of Tarim Basin.Apatite fission tracks of the samples from Talike, Shawabuqi and Bashibulake in southern Tianshan area, were measured and analyzed. Using the measurement data of whole Tianshan area, four uplifting epochs, which are 135～145Ma(latest Jurassic); 75～40Ma(latest Cretaceous-latest Eocene); 25～10Ma(Miocene); 4.0Ma～0(latest Pliocene-now), were founded in southern Tianshan aera, and thermal uplifting history were simulated in these three areas, we calculate uplifting speed of each epoch from the simulated map, find that Shawabuqi area has highest uplifting speed of 889.7～991.4m/Ma.Shawabuqi area entered into the evolution stage of Neotectonic activity in late Pliocene. Vertical uplift is main structural pattern in this area, because of existence of basement thrust fault.
　　Therefore, the uranium deposit suffered from being uplifted, eroded and Epigenetic reworked by shallow water; on the other hand, the southern uplifting mountain of uranium deposit, which make the uranium bodies free of further erosion, is benefit http://www.chinamagnets.biz for conservation of uranium bodies.Northern periphery of Tarim Basin enter into evolution stage of rift basin in Jurassic, coal-bearing coarse clastic rocks formation, which is benefit for interlayer oxidation zone sandstone type uranium mineralization, were deposited in Shawabuqi area. Based on analysis of cycles and facies of sedimentation, the Tiemiersu formation are divided into two lithology sects, and four lithology sub-sects. Uranium mineralization formed in sand bodies of braid delta facies in upper sect of this formation. Steep shapes of ore bodies show plank type, layer type and lentoid type. The most part of uranium element are absorbed, and the coffinite is primary uranium mineral, there are little isomorphism uranium.High content of Toc and S were measured in bearing ore sand bodies, they have positive correlation. The contents variety of Fe element in the different stone show that the uranium bodies undergone eluviation, variety of Cd, Mo and Re elements on drill show the distribution characteristic of rare elements in model interlayer oxidation zone sandstone type uranium mineralization.Using the REE distribution patterns of the rocks and thermal history simulation of granite uplift in Shawabuqi area, we find that the early Permian lava clastic rocks not only provide sediment, but also provide uranium element for Jurassic series with lower Cambrian.bedded chert.Main uranium ore-formation age of 39.0Ma is measured by "U-Pb" Dating Method. We find that, Jurassic benefit series were tilted by the great fault of Tianshan frontier, Paleo-climate turned to be dry and hot from warm and wet, early Permian lava clastic rocks and lower Cambrian. http://www.chinamagnets.biz   bedded chert, which have high uranium content, had uplifted already, uranium ore-formation occurred in Eocene, by the influence of all above factors.At last, according to analysis of tectonic evolution of Tianshan and uranium ore-formation, the author propose the tectonic-uranium ore-formation model of Shawabuqi area.

Catalytic Combustion of VOCs over Non-Precious Metal Mixed Oxides Catalysts Supported on Cordierite Honeycomb

Catalytic Combustion of VOCs over Non-Precious Metal Mixed Oxides Catalysts Supported on Cordierite Honeycomb
　　VOCs are one of the main sources of air pollution. Among current technologies on VOCs control, catalytic combustion technology has been regarded as the most effective one due to its simple equipments and relatively low temperature requirement in eliminating VOCs. In order to conquer the disadvantages of conventional Al2O3 washcoat with complex preparation and high cost, this study aims to develop a environment-friendly preparation method with sample technics. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR techniques. The catalytic activity for toluene was evaluated by catalytic combustion equipment and Gas Chromatography as detecting method.
　　This study explores Cu-Mn mixed oxides Segment neodymium magnet supported on cordierite prepared by an impregnation method and the effects of the catalytic property on preparation and cocatalyst of Ag and K. The results show that the formation of a proper amount of Mn2O3 is favorable to increasing catalytic activity, of which with the loadings of 2% Cu and 8% Mn the catalyst has the highest activity for the direct deposited preparation. As a part of Mn replaced by Ag, the catalytic activity and the thermal stabilization are both remarkably improved and the catalytic activity is the highest for the catalyst of Cu(2%)-Mn(6%)-Ag(2%): toluene has been completely oxidized when the reaction temperature is 220℃. And the catalyst has excellent adhesion ability associated to the cordierite honeycomb. Moreover, the catalyst prepared by environment-friendly method holds the similar catalytic property to that prepared by direct depositing method.A series of La-Mn composite oxides catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method. The effects of calcined temperature and addition of Ce, Pr, K, Na or Cu elements on the complete combustion of toluene are investigated. The http://www.chinamagnets.biz results show that the LaMnO3/Cord catalyst calcined at 800℃exhibits high catalytic performance. It is also found that the addition of Ce to LaMnO3/Cord catalyst was favourable for the improvement of complete combustion of toluene, and the catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic property when the conversion of toluene was higher than 97% at the reaction temperature of 260℃, where the Ce/La molar ratio in the catalyst was 1 : 1.

Manufacture and Properties of Sintered Permanent Magnetic Nd-Fe-B

Manufacture and Properties of Sintered Permanent Magnetic Nd-Fe-B
　　The key techniques for manufacturing high performance sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet have been studied in the aspects of process, magnetic aligning and microstructure, in order to improve the magnet quality for its competitive ability in international market and technological added value,and develop the application of the rich resource, rear earth, in our country.A nominal Nd29.51Tb0.4Nb0.06FebalB0.98wt% alloy Ring neodymium magnet was prepared by strip casting, breaking, pressing and sintering process. The microstructures of rapid casting strips in different cooling speed or flake thickness were compared and analyzed. The effects of different breaking process on the magnetic particle size were investigated. The orientations of the magnet pressed in both rubber die and steel die were tested. Further more, the effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and magnetic performance was studied.The results show that (1) the grain of strap sample, with average size 3.428μm, obtained in cooling speed of 2.6m/s was more uniform than that in other speeds, based on the experiment conditions. The flake with thickness of 0.35mm～0.40mm has ideal microstructure, that is, the dominant plate crystal was fine and uniform, and the Nd rich phase was distributed evenly between the plate crystals, andα-Fe dendritic precipitation was inhibited. (2) the particle sizes of the magnet milling by hydrogen breaking process is finer than that of milling by mechanical breaking (3) The orientations of the magnet pressed in rubber die is better than in steel die. http://www.chinamagnets.biz (4) the grain size of the magnet sintered in 1055℃was uniform and fine, and the average grain size was about 10μm and Nd rich phase was distributed uniformly, which was the proper sintering temperature to manufacture magnet with less rare-earth element content.The permanent magnet prepared by strip casting, hydrogen breaking, rubber die forming and lower temperature sintering has achieved good magnetic properties: Br=1.463T(14.63kGs), Hcj = 997kA/m(12.54kOe), (BH)max = 419kJ/m3(52.6MGsOe), Hk/Hcj=0.956, and the better stability and square degree. The Nd-Fe-B magnet can provide the market requirement, such as the application of nuclear magnetic resonanc

Preparation and Characterization of Phosphors for LED

Preparation and Characterization of Phosphors for LED
　　Green lighting style was put forward at the background of global wanning and energy saving. White LED (light-emitting diode) is recognized as the green lighting product and will substitute the traditional bulbs. In present, the way employing an InGaN/GaN LED chip coated by YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet, Y3Al5O12) yellow phosphors is the main way to get w-LED. As a result, YAG yellow phosphor becomes critical for green lighting. In this paper, the YAG: Ce3+ phosphors were synthesized by traditional solid-state reaction, and the possible ingredients which Cylinder neodymium magnet may affect the luminescence property were investigated in detail.Ingredients including sintering temperature, Ce3+ concentration, as well as the doping of Ga3+, and Gd3+ are investigated in detail, in order to make the property of the experimental product consistent with the application.Using solid-state reaction method synthesized the YAG: Ce3+ yellow phosphor powders at 1500℃with the assistance of flux. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and fluorescence spectrometer. The classic absorption and emission of Ce3+ are cleanly observed, and the luminescence principle of Ce3+ in the host of YAG was testified.Microwave assisted synthesis together with heat-treatment at a high temperature are employed to prepare the phosphor of terbium-aluminium garnet co-doped by Ce3+ and Eu3+ (TAG: Ce, Eu). The particles of the prepared samples are clear and smooth. Most particles http://www.chinamagnets.biz have the size of less than 2 urn. The powder has slightly agglomeration. The classic absorption and emission of TAG: Ce, Eu are cleanly observed. Compared with the traditional high-temperature solid-state synthesis, this route employed in this investigation has the advantages of easier synthesizing, energy saving and environmental protecting. The time of heat-treatment should be 2-3 h. The reaction pathway has been analyzed, implying that the diffusion coefficient of aluminum is bigger than that of terbium, in Tb2O3—Al2O3 system.