Combinatorial Approach to Synthesize and Optimize Metal Sulfide and Lanthanide Oxide Nanometer Materials

Combinatorial Approach to Synthesize and Optimize Metal Sulfide and Lanthanide Oxide Nanometer Materials
　　Combinatorial approach is the hotspot in the material and chemistry field nowadays. Compared with traditional approach, the advantage of combinatorial approach is its high efficiency, short-timing, low cost, and it can also greatly enhance the probability of discovering new materials with special capability.This paper first innovatively combined combinatorial approach, orthogonal design with the synthesis of nanometer materials, which prepared and optimized metal sulfide and lanthanide oxide nanometer materials quickly. This approach not only increased efficiency but also Ball Neodymium Magnets obtained new materials which can not be gained by traditional approaches.1. This paper designed several conditions of Ag-doped metal sulfide nanometer materials system with orthogonal design. Combinatorial approach was used to prepare several Ag-doped ZnS and CdS nanometer materials systems, and then selected several key samples according to luminescence performances. After that, the optimized Ag-doped ZnS sample with its shape of an olive composed by nano-particles and Ag-doped CdS sample with its shape of a flower composed by nano-crystals were obtained.
　　The result indicated that these two semiconductor nanometer materials with excellent luminescence performances and special shapes were difficult to obtain through traditional approach.2. This paper designed several conditions of Tb-doped lanthanide oxide nanometer materials system with orthogonal design. Combinatorial approach was used to prepare a http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ series of Tb-doped Gd2O3 nanometer materials system, and then selected several key samples according to their different luminescence performances. Finally, the Tb-doped Gd2O3 nanometer material with excellent structure and unique shape was gained. The result indicated that the factors influenced the luminescence performance, structure and shapes greatly, which can not be easily obtained by traditional approach, even can not be found at all.This paper was a preparatory observation and a new attempt, which fully exert the advantage of combinatorial approach. It can offer a great idea in exploring and preparing new materials.

Preparation of Ni-Mo Alloy and Studies on Its Characterizations of HER

Preparation of Ni-Mo Alloy and Studies on Its Characterizations of HER
　　Hydrogen energy is the ideal energy of 21th century. Electrolyzing water to make hydrogen is the most effective method. And in this research area, most important point is to develop new materials which are active in HER (Hydrogen Evolution Reaction). The study indicated that transition metals could reduce the over potential in HER by cooperating effect. And Ni-Mo alloy is the best one of all binary alloy. Electro-codepositing is a new technique to prepare neodymium magnets materials. And the composite coatings has many excellent characters in mechanics, photics, electrics, thermodynamics and magnetics. It has an extensive prospect. As a HER material, the composite particulates can enlarge the surface area and they can cooperate with the alloy to enhance the activity of HER. At present, the study on Ni-Mo compositing coatings is not familiar. So these alloy has a great development space.In this paper, we prepare the Ni-Mo composite electrode by electro-codepositing. Before this we research the prepare condition of Ni-Mo alloy, the HER activity was discovered by steady state polarization curve, the component of coatings was analyzinged by titration with EDTA. The structure and appearance of the coatings was observed by XRD and SEM. The effect of the prepare condition (the concentration of main salt, deposition current density, pH, temperature, time) was obtained.
　　Base these conditions, using hydrogen storage alloy powder(AB5), Ni powder, CeO2 powder as composite particulate we get the co-depositings, and we get the coatings which was modified by rare earth salt, and the character was studied by the same way. The results indicate that the species of the powder, depositing time have the key effect on the coatings.It indicates that the optical condition of Ni-Mo alloy preparation is Dk=100 mA/cm2,pH=8～9,T=35℃, http://www.chinamagnets.biz/  and the longer time is better. The coatings which is prepared under this condition has the content of Mo is about 40 %, and the character of HER is better. Under the current density of 0.1 A/cm2, the over potential is 500 mV lower than that of Ni electrode. The SEM result shows that the structure of Ni-Mo alloy is porous, and the XRD results shows the coatings is amorphous, and the size is about 1.3 nm.The size of Ni-Mo(RE) is smaller than that of the Ni-Mo alloy. The roughness of the composite coatings becomes more obvious by adding the particulate in the coatings. By these two method we make the over potential of composite coatings is lower than that of Ni-Mo alloy and much lower than Ni. And we found that the longer depositing time, appropriate composite particulates and stirring is good for the coatings activity on HER. The parameters of electro-reaction kinetics and the result of the EIS indicate that the HER on these electrode react as the Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism.

The VUV Luminescence Properties of MMgSi2O6: Re (M=Ca, Sr, Ba; Re=Eu, Tb, Ce)

The VUV Luminescence Properties of MMgSi2O6: Re (M=Ca, Sr, Ba; Re=Eu, Tb, Ce)
　　In recent years, the interest has been in the development of new and efficient plasma phosphors to realize a gas discharge color picture display panel and mercury-free fluorescent lamps. Silicate phosphors are promising as candidates of host materials for the new VUV phosphors with various crystal structures and high chemical stability. Herein, we report Block neodymium magnet the crystal structure and VUV luminescence property of MMgSi2O6: Re (M=Ca, Sr, Ba, Re=Eu, Tb, Ce) as the new VUV phosphor.In this work,a series of powder samples of MMgSi2O6: Re (M=Ca, Sr, Ba, Re=Eu,Tb, Ce) were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction. The data are in good agreement with those given in No. (Ca:83-1820, Ba:86-0419, Sr:75-1736) of JCPDS data files.
　　The properties of structure, VUV excitation properties and Luminescence properties under VUV excitation were studied. MMgSi2O6: Re (M=Ca, Sr, Ba,Re=Eu, Tb, Ce) belongs to the monoclinic space group, and the crystal structure does not change as Eu or Tb ions are doped to the crystal lattice.In MMgSi2O6:Eu3+(M=Ca, Sr, Ba), the excitation spectrum show strong absorption in the VUV region with the broad absorption band at 130-170nm due to the host , and another absorption band edge at 230nm is due to the(CTS) of Eu3+ .The emission spectrum of MMgSi2O6:Eu3+(M=Ca, Sr, Ba)have revealed an intense and sharp (611 nm) red color emission from Eu 3+ (5D0→7F2) transition under 147nm VUV excitation. A small excess of SiO2 is used in synthesizing inorganic phosphor materials in order to obtain complete solid state reaction among the reacting http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ species and to avoid the presence of strongly absorbing cationic species in the final phosphor product. However, if the amount of excess SiO2 increases, PL intensity may considerably decrease due to the increased presence of unreacted SiO2 in the end phosphor product. It can be seen tnat the intensity of the emission peaking increases with the increasing of H3BO3.In MMgSi2O6:Eu2+(M=Ca, Sr, Ba), While Ca2+ is replaced with Sr2+ or Ba2+ , the Eu2+ emission shifts to shorter wavelength.The excitation and emission spectra of these phosphors showed that all are broadband due to 4f–4f 5d transitions of Eu.When the divalent Eu ions substitute for the large divalent alkaline earth ions, the shifting and broadening in the emission spectra of Eu2+ is most pronounced in Ba2+ sites, less pronounced in Sr2+ sites and least pronounced in Ca2+ sites. Different host structures and crystallographic distortions will influence the crystal field environment of rare earth

Preparation and Analysis-Application of Terbium Complexes with Nanosized Silicon Dioxide

Preparation and Analysis-Application of Terbium Complexes with Nanosized Silicon Dioxide
　　The core-shell fluorescent nanoparticles was prepared in a water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion containing Triton X-100, hexanol and cyclohexane by controlling copolymerization of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyl-triethyoxysilane. The Cylinder neodymium magnet nanoparticles are spherical and uniform in size, about 50nm in diameter, strongly fluorescent, and highly stable. Especially, the method significantly reduces leaching of fluorescent compounds from the nanoparticles, and are promising as efficient biological labels.Secondly, on the base of this, The superparamagnetic Fe3O4 or SiO2 particle is prepared. And the -NH2 group is modified on the Fe3O4 or SiO2 particle surface via silanization by reagent. The modified nanoparticles have good chelation with http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ terbium. Especially, the nanoparticles which wrapped with nanosized silicon dioxide, solution has little effect on this compound after terbium get in this functional nanoparticles of complex structure. It can prevent the compound separation. So, It is very useful in separation and preconcentration of terbium. The detection limit for Tb3+ was 1×10-9mol/L.

The Study of Giant Magnetostrictive Tonpilz Transducer

The Study of Giant Magnetostrictive Tonpilz Transducer
　　With the progress of modern sonar technologies and ocean technologies, it is more and more important to improve the performance of underwateracoustic transducers and arrays. Thus, the broad bandwidth, high power and small dimension transducer become the primary candidate and also become the primary aspect of research by transducer investigators. A Cylinder neodymium magnet giant magnetostrictive Tonpilz transducer is designed in order to develop a transducer with those qualities in this thesis.According to theory about piezoelectric of finite-element method, the relationship between piezoelectric analysis and magnetoelectric analysis is figured which can apply for the magnetostrictive transducer. The magnetic circuit optimization work is carried out for rare-earth transducer using giant magnetostrictive material. The relationship between the distribution of magnetic induction intensity, which acts as the major parameter to describe the efficiency of the use of magnetic energy, and the structure of magnetic circuit is studied and one kind of advanced magnetic circuit configuration is proposed. Then, the broad bandwidth is achieved by coupling between longitudinal vibrating mode of transducer and flexural vibrating mode of head in the coupling-field analysis of FEM. At last, the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ transmit current resonance, resistance and beam patterns of transducer are achieved by ANSYS.Then the prototype of the giant magnetostrictive Tonpilz transducer is fabricated according to the conclusions of optimization analysis. The in-water measured results indicate a mechanical Q of 1.6, a maximum Source Level of 201dB re 1uPa/m at 1 Amps AC drive and bandwidth of 6.2kHz to 11.8kHz±1.5dB.

Studies on the Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Spectroscopic Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Complexes of Tetrazole-1-acetic Acid

Studies on the Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Spectroscopic Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Complexes of Tetrazole-1-acetic Acid
　　In this dissertation, fourteen new coordination complexes have been synthesized by the liquid method. They were studied by IR, Elemental Analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The magnetic properties of polymers (1) to (4) and the fluorescence spectra data of polymers (7) and (8) are measured.The ligand we used is tetrazole-1-acetic acid (Htza), and it has several coordination modes in this dissertation, as follows:There are three chapters in this dissertation:Chapter one: Five new complexes of Htza with Cu(II) are synthesized by controlling the Ring neodymium magnet pH value of the reaction system or adding the second ligand. They are {[Cu(tza)2(Htza)2]·2H2O}n (1), [Cu(tza)2]n (2), {[Cu2(tza)2(CH3COO)(μ3-OH)(H2O)]·H2O}n (3), [Cu2(tza)3(μ3-OH) 2H2O]n (4), {[Cu(tza)(phen)](ClO4)}n (5). The pH value of the reaction system from (1) to (4) is 2.02.5, 3.0, 3.87, 5.5, respectively. The ligands coordinate with Cu(II) ions via (b) and (c) in complex (1), and the Cu(II) ions are connected to 1-D chain structure. Then, the neighboring chains are assembled to 2-D network structure by hydrogen bonds. In complex (2), the ligands coordinate with Cu(II) ions by (d), and the Cu(II) ions are linked into 2-D network structure. There are twoμ3-OH in one structural cell of complex (3), and four Cu(II) ions are connected by them. Then, the structural cells are linked into 2-D network structure by (d) and (i), and the 2-D network structure is assembled to 3-D meshwork structure via hydrogen bonds.
　　The structure of complex (4) is similar to complex (3). But, there is CH3COO- in complex (3). And the Cu(II) ions of complex (4) are connected to 2-D network structure by (c), (d) and (e).In complex (5), the phen is added in order to study the influence of the second ligand on the complex structure. The spacial resistance is enhanced because the phen coordinates with Cu(II). So the Cu(II) ions of complex (5) are only linked into 1-D z chain structure via (e). Complex (1), (2), (4), (5) belong to monoclinic system, space groups are C2/c, P2(1)/c, P2(1)/n, C2/c, respectively. Complex (3) belongs to Triclinic, space group P-1. Chapter two: Five new polymers are synthesized by reaction of Htza with oxides of Zn, Cd, Pb and perchlorides of Cd, Co in this part. They are [Zn2(tza)3(μ3-OH)(H2O)·2H2O]n (6), [Cd(tza)2]n (7), {[Cd(tza)(2,2?-bipy)(H2O)](ClO4)}n (8), {[Co(tza)(2,2?-bipy)(H2- O)](ClO4)}n (9), [Pb(tza)2]n (10). We study the influence of the second ligand and different metallic ions on the complex structure. In complex (6), the Zn(II) ions are connected to 2-D network structure by (c), (e) and (h). But in complex (7), the ligands link Cd(II) ions into 3-D meshwork structure polymer only via (e). In complex (8), 2,2?-bipy is added and the Cd(II) ions are connected to 2-D network structure by (e). The extension of complex (8) along a axis is limited because the 2,2?-bipy coordinates with Cd(II) ions . But the neighboring planes are assembled into 3-D meshwork supermolecular structure via hydrogen bonds andπ-πstacking. The configuration of Co(II) ions in complex (9) is the same as Cd(II) ions in complex (8). But the corresponding bond length varies a little. In complex (10), the ligands link Pb(II) ions into 1-D chain structure by (f). The Pb(II) ions have two tropism in one chain, and the neighboring Pb(II) ions have Pb-O···Pb weak interaction in adajacent chains.
　　The complex (10) is assembled into 3-D meshwork supermolecular structure by that weak interaction.Complex (6) belongs to Triclinic system, space group P-1. Complex (7) to (10) belong to monoclinic system, and space groups are P2(1)/n、P2(1)/c、P2(1)/c、C2/c, respectively.Chapter three: Four new rare earth polymers are synthesized by reaction of Htza with oxides of rare earth. They are [La(tza)3(H2O)2·2H2O]n (11), [Pr(tza)3(H2O)2·2H2O]n (12), [Nd (tza)3(H2O)2·1.5H2O]n (13), [Sm2(tza)6(H2O)5·H2O]n (14). The configuration of http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ metal ions are the same in complex (11) and (12), and the metal ions are connected to 1-D chain structure via (c) and (g). Then, the chains are assembled into 3-D meshwork supermolecular structure by hydrogen bonds. In complex (13), the configuration of Nd(III) ions is the same as complex (11) and (12), but the arrangement of ligands is changed. There are two kinds of Sm(III) ions in complex (14). The configuration of Sm(III)1 ions is the same as Nd(III) ions in complex (13), but the Sm(III)2 ions are eight-coordinated and they are dinuclear cells. Adjacent dinuclear cells are linked into 2-D network structure by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Then, the chains of Sm(III)1 and the 2-D network structure of Sm(III)2 are assembled into 3-D meshwork supermolecular structure.Complex (11) and (12) belong to monoclinic system, space groups are all P2(1)/c; Complex (13) and (14) belong to Triclinic system, space groups are all P-1.Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility of complexes (1) to (4) were performed in the 2320 K region by using powder samples. The antiferromagnetic interaction among the metal ions are evident from the susceptibility data in complex (1) and ferromagnetic interaction in complex (2); And the pure antiferromagnetic interactions are showed in complex (3) and (4).At room temperature, the fluorescence of complex (7) and (8) are measured in the solid state on the same condition. There is no fluorescence emission in complex (7). While complex (8) shows the fluorescence emission withλem = 445 nm (λex = 397 nm). The emission observed in complex (8) is tentatively assigned to the ligands fluorescence(LLCT).

Photoluminescence and Luminescence Mechanism Pulmonary of RE (Tb3+, Gd3+) Doped Titania Film

Photoluminescence and Luminescence Mechanism Pulmonary of RE (Tb3+, Gd3+) Doped Titania Film
　　The humanity was regarding luminescent material’s development and the research had more than 100 years history, during this process the people have made the unceasing breakthrough and the progress, causes the luminescent material the illumination performance to be more outstanding, the variety is more complete, the application domain is broader. Along with luminescent material’s unceasing development, based on the luminescent material related research, the manufacture and the application also gradually emerges, such as illumination ceramics, neodymium rare earth magnets luminescent glass, luminous paint and so on. The rare earth material application is widespread, such as the light information transmission, the solar energy electro-optic transform, X-ray phantom and so on. From the practical application angle, TiO2 takes one kind to use for to dope the rare-earth element the fine matrix material, it has the superior optics and thermodynamics performance as well as has the good stable characteristic in many corrosive environment.
　　The article using Ti(OBu)4, take rare earth Tb, Gd as the activating agent, has prepared the TiO2 nanometer thin film which a series of rare earth co-dopes by sol-gel. Using modern analysis test technologies, such as XRD, TG/DTA, IR, TEM and PLE, PL spectrum, has carried on the attribute to luminescent material’s characteristic, has studied the material’s influencing factor and the luminescent mechanism. The goal is seeking for the preparation practical, moderately-priced, the performance good new luminescent material.1. Has prepared the rare earth doping TiO2 nanometer thin film, studied the different factor to the craft the influence, determined the best technological conditions. H2O/ Ti(OBu)4 best scope between 1-4; C2H5OH/ Ti(OBu)4 best scope between 3-10; pH in 4; The heat treatment temperature is 500℃.2. Has carried on a series of tests to the TiO2 thin film sample, such as XRD, TG/DTA, IR, TEM. According to the analysis result, indicated that the TiO2 thin film is the anatase, the surface to be smooth, the average size approximately is about 15nm.3. http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ Through to research the Tb3+-doped TiO2 thin film sample’s PLE, PL spectrum’s analysis, has analyzed its luminescent principle. The cross relaxation between 5D3-5D4 and 7F6-7F1,0, which is the main reason of lower emission intensity of 5D3-7Fj (j =5, 4, 3) than 5D4-7Fj (j=6, 5, 4, 3) transition. The transitions from 5D4-7Fj (j =6, 5, 4, 3) are radiative and correspond to the emission lines of 493, 550, 590 and 624 nm, respectively. Photoluminescence (PL) intensity is found to have a well matching relation with the doping concentration of Tb3+ ions. Concentration quenching of PL occurs when Tb3+ concentration exceeds a certain value.4. Research the co-doped Tb3+ and Gd3+ TiO2 thin film sample’s PL spectrum. Luminescence intensity is improved obviously after co-doped with Gd3+ ions because of the sensitization effect of Gd 3+ ions. As a result of the energy level match’s reason, is carries on Gd3+ to the Tb3+ energy transfer by the non-radiation way. Along with Gd3+ density’s increase, energy transfer’s probability increases, the sample photoluminescence intensity enhancement.

Effect of Ce, Gd on Rolling Properties of AZ31 Alloy

Effect of Ce, Gd on Rolling Properties of AZ31 Alloy
　　Magnesium alloys have been widely used as the light structure materials in the aviation, automotive and electronic industry due to their low density, high specific strength, specific stiffness, good damping capacity, and good shielding properties. On the other hand, wrought magnesium alloys based on microstructure refinement are the chief orientation in enhancing the strength and deformability of Mg alloy.In the present paper, rolling properties of AZ31 magnesium alloys was researched. The influence of variant content of Ce and Gd on the microstructure and rolling properties of AZ31 magnesium alloys was discussed in details. The optimal content of Ce, Gd in AZ31 was confirmed, strong magnets based which the effects of cooling velocity on rolling properties of magnesium alloys were investigated. Also, according to this, the foundation of confectioning technic and apply of magnesium alloys were supported experimentally and theoretically. The microstructure and rolling properties of AZ31 were investigated by using optical microscope(OM), scanning election microscope(SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD), and also the effects of the lanthanons on wrought AZ31 alloys’structure and rolling properties and it’s mechanical were studied systemically and deeply.The main contents are listed as follows:1. Different contents of Ce, Gd were added into
　　AZ31 and the effects of Ce, Gd on microstructures and grain size of AZ31 alloys were analyzed;2. Using extremal rolling experiment to test max. total rolling ratio and max. pre-pass rolling ratio of as-cast AZ31 so that we can estimate the rolling deformation abilities of casting alloys and confirm the optimal alloying component; 3. The effect of cooling velocity on rolling properties of AZ31 alloys based on the optimal addition of Ce, Gd to AZ31was investigated.The results indicate that moderate amount of Ce and Gd refine obviously the grain size of AZ31 alloy. When the content of Ce and Gd is 0.6%, 6% respectively, the refining effect is the most significant. When the content of Ce and Gd exceeds 0.6% and 6%, the grain size of alloy increases gradually with the rising content of Ce and Gd.The rod-shape Al4Ce phase appears in the microstructure of AZ31 alloy added Ce. As the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ content of Ce increases, the amount and size of the rod-shape increase gradually and centralize in the grain boundary, and at the same time, the amount and size ofβ-Mg17Al12 phase decrease gradually. The rod-shape, quadrangular and rotundity new phase appear in grain boundary of AZ31 alloy added Gd, and as the content of Gd increases, the amount and size of new phase increase gradually and centralize in the grain boundary. Theβ-Mg17Al12 phase is not discovered in alloy added Gd.The rolling properties of AZ31 improves obviously and Max. pre-pass rolling ratio and Max. total rolling ratio increase gradually with the increasing content Ce and Gd in AZ31 alloy, but when the content of Ce and Gd exceeds 0.6% and 6% respectively, its Max. pre-pass rolling ratio and Max. total rolling ratio decreases gradually with the increasing content Ce and Gd.The max. pre-pass rolling ratio and max. total rolling ratio strong magnets increase gradually with the increasing time of homogenize heat treatment and cooling velocity. The grain size decreases gradually with heightening cooling velocity.The max. pre-pass rolling ratio and the max. total rolling rati of AZ31 added Ce, Gd which is heat treated for 2 hours is bigger than that of AZ31 without Ce, Gd and heat treated for 8 hours.

Research on the Reaction of NO+CO over Cu/SiO2 Catalyst

Research on the Reaction of NO+CO over Cu/SiO2 Catalyst
　　NOx is one of the major pollutants in the atmosphere, and the abatement of NOx has been a hotspot of study all over the word. Catalytic reduction of NO with CO is considered to be one of the most important reaction for NOx control. But most of employed DeNOx catalysts-noble metals catalysts are now facing the crisis of resource scareity, therefor, in Magnetic lifter recent years, studies with transition metals have attracted much attention.
　　The literature reported more about the catalysts using SiO2 as carrier which were prepared by the impregnation method and the chemisorption-hydrolysis mehod. Moreover, as the pure catalysts which were loading mono-metal have some defeacts, they also have been modified by some methods to imporve catalytic activities.On the basis of laboratory’s early work, we pepared a series of catalysts and tested in the catalytic removal reaction of NO and CO simultaneously. The effort of the pretreatment atmosphere, preparation method, GHSV, the calcined temperature and the rare earth as promoter on the catalytic of Cu/SiO2 were investigated and some useful conclusions shows as follows:1. Preparation methods and pretreatment atmosphere have great effect on the http://www.999magnet.com/ catalytic activities. In this paper, we founded that Cu/SiO2 prepared by chemisorption-hydrolysis mehod and pretreated with H2 have better activity through the catalysts pretreated with H2﹑ He﹑ NO/He﹑ CO/He and NO+CO/He.2. The calcined temperature to the carrier has great effect on the catalytic activities. In this paper, we founded that the catalysts which were calcined by 500℃to the carriers have high activities.3. Addition of rare earth as promoter greatly improved the activity of Cu/SiO2 in NO+CO reaction. In this paper, we founded that Nd is the best one in this reaction and the promoter is structure promoter.

Study of the Improvement for Microstructure and Properties of Fe-riched Aluminum Alloy by RE

Study of the Improvement for Microstructure and Properties of Fe-riched Aluminum Alloy by RE
　　This paper aims to improve the morphology of Fe-riched phase in aluminum alloys by using the modification of Ce-riched rare-earth mixture and Mn. The effect of Fe content、cooling rate and modification content on Fe-riched phase, microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys were investigated.The investigative results show that, with cooling rate increasing, the morphology of Fe-riched phases decrease in commercial pure aluminum. When Fe content less than 1wt%, Fe-riched phase are fine particle, In contrary, Fe-riched phase are Neodymium Magnets distributed in the form of short rodlike or long needlelike, when adding 0.5wt%RE in commercial pure aluminum with 1wt%～2wt%Fe , Fe-riched phase are fine particle. In commercial pure aluminum with 0.5wt%Fe, adding 0.3wt%RE obtains a tensile strength and an elongation of 117.4MPa and 50.6%respectively, enhancing by 38.6% and 15.5% than the unmodification.
　　In Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloys with 0.12wt%Fe, adding 0.1wt%RE makes the Fe-riched phase and eutectic Si phase to be fine particles. Besides, the tensile strength and elongation can respectively achieve at 166MPa and 5.5%, by contrast with unmodification respectively enhanced by 10% and 94.3%. In Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloys with 0.2wt%Fe, adding 0.2wt%RE leads the Fe-riched phase and eutectic Si phase to be fine particles; the tensile strength and elongation can respectively achieve at 169MPa and 5.28%, enhancing by 14.2% and 21.9% than the unmodification http://www.999magnet.com/ respectively.In Al-7Si-0.3Mg-0.15RE alloys, when the Fe content achieves at 0.3wt%, Fe-riched phase are mostly needlelike. Mn modification to Al-7Si-0.3Mg-0.15RE alloys with 0.5wt%Fe greatly affects the morphology of Fe-riched phases. When the ratio of Mn/Fe is 1.4, the size of Fe-riched phase is the smallest; the elongation of the alloys can achieve at 13.1%, enhancing by 363% than the unmodification. When the ratio of Mn/Fe is 2, the Fe-riched phases are broken up; the tensile strength of the alloys can achieve at 180MPa, enhancing by 7.1% than unmodification.

溶胶—凝胶法制备稀土掺杂二氧化钛基质纳米发光材料的研究

溶胶—凝胶法制备稀土掺杂二氧化钛基质纳米发光材料的研究
　　Using TiO2 as matrix, rare earth(Eu, Dy, Tb)single doped and co-doped xerogels luminescence material and luminescence films were prepared by sol-gel progress, The modern analysis techniques such as XRD, AFM, PLE and PLspectra were used to measure the property of the luminescence material. The factors influence the luminescence property and the luminescence mechanisms of the material were studieed to look for new path to prepare utility, inexpensive fluorescence material with high efficiency.1. Eu3+:TiO2-Al2O3 nanopowder were succeeded prepared rare earth magnets by the sol-gel method, Average dimension and structure of whitch annealled at different temperature were studied by the X crystallogram, the influnence of Eu3+ concentraion, annealing temperature, annealing times, different material and formulation for the Eu3+:TiO2-Al2O3 nanopowder’s PLE spectra were studied, the results show single strongest red photoluminescence (PL) signal associated with the 5D0→7F2 transition of the electronic structure of Eu3+, when 468nm wavelength is used as the photoexcitation line .
　　The PL emission first enhance and then decress along with an increase in temperature and Eu3+ concentraion, 700℃is the suitable annealed temperature, and 0.8% is the suitable concentration.Al3+-doped TiO2:Eu3+ nanopowder can improve The red light strength of Eu3+, And when Eu-doped TiO2 nanopowder were annled at 950℃the results indicatethat the emission band consists of two peaks located at 442nm and 464nm, respectively. The two peaks http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ are originated from the transition 4f→5d of Eu2+ ions.2. The Eu,Dy and Eu,Tb co-doped in TiO2-Al2O3 were prepared. We find that the emission intensity of Eu2+ in the sample co-doped with Eu and Dy is higher than that of the sample single doped with Eu.The enhancement of the Eu2+ emission is due to the energy transfer from Dy3+ to Eu2+,and Tb3+ to Eu2+, and suitable concentration of Dy is 0.2% and Tb is 0.3%.3. Smooth Eu doped TiO2 luminescence films were prepared by the sol-gel method, the Eu3+:TiO2-Al2O3 films surface were tokened by AFM , the influnence of prepared condition for the Eu3+:TiO2-Al2O3 films PLE spectra were studied, the results show that emission intensity increased with the increasing of the layers from 13 layers to 18 layers and fluorescence puench happened at 19 layers. The luminscence intensity become stronger first and then decreased with the increasing of the annealing temperature and the Eu concentration, the suitable Eu concentration is 1.0%. and 800℃is the suitable annealed temperature.4. Eu,Tb co-doping prepared single substrate rare earth codoped TiO2 matrix tricolor luminescence film. We find that the emission intensity of Eu2+ in the sample co-doped with Eu and Tb is higher than that of the sample single doped with Eu.It was discovered that Eu3+and Eu2+ existed in the sample annealed at 950℃.

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of the Coordination Polymers with N, O Ligands

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of the Coordination Polymers with N, O Ligands
　　Over the past decade, coordination polymers and supramolecular architectures have received much attention in coordination chemistry, crystal chemistry and material chemistry. The fascinating structures of these complexes, coupled with their specific functionality, have made them highly promising in various applications, particularly absorption, catalysis, Neodymium Magnets molecular magnetization and biochemistry. The aim of this work is to investigate how to control the structures and properties of desired coordination polymers and supramolecular architectures.
　　This thesis is divided into four chapters.In the introduction, the concepts, methods and history of coordination polymers are concisely introduced, as well as the current survey and research significance of lanthanide coordination polymers, lanthanide-transition metal coordination polymers and the in situ ligand reaction in hydrothermal conditions.In the second chapter, a series of lanthanide coordination polymers and two transition metal coordination polymers have been described. The results show that: 1) Due to the weak acidity and less solubility of dicarboxylic acid and their complexes, the conditions to hydrothermally synthesize its coordination polymers are relatively critical; 2) The lanthanide triggers the cleavage of C-S bonds in hydrothermal conditions and the existence http://www.999magnet.com/ of strong oxidant changes the product.In the third chapter, a series of lanthanide-transition metal coordination polymers that generated by aromatic carboxylic acid, lanthanide and transition metal salt have been described. The results show that: The temperature of reaction and the choice of the second ligand can affect the structure of the coordination polymers.In the fourth chapter, the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and luminescent properties of a novel homochiral coordination polymer are described. The results show that: the V-shaped dicarboxylate ligand plays a key role in the formation of In-OH-In helical chains, in which the chirality is transferred into the whole three dimensional framework.

The Properties of Alkali Metal Ions (M+)/RE3+ Co-doped Upconversion Silicate Glass Ceramics

The Properties of Alkali Metal Ions (M+)/RE3+ Co-doped Upconversion Silicate Glass Ceramics
　　Rare earth (RE) doped transparent oxyfluoride glass ceramics usually with efficient luminescent properties, well transparency and optical properties, have been extensively studied owing to their potential applications in laser and fiber communication. Oxyfluoride glass ceramics are composed of oxide glass network and RE3+-doped fluoride nanocrystals. So far, the main fluoride hosts are bivalent fluorides, such as, PbF2, BaF2, CaF2, ZnF2 and CdF2. neodymium rare earth magnets When doped trivalent RE3+ ions substitute a part of the fluoride metal ions, the charge imbalance are caused nearby, as consquence, the upconversion luminescence efficiency will be confined. To compensate the charge imbalance, alkali metal ions were doped together with trivalent RE3+ ions which right play a roll in the exchange ions for waveguide manufacture.In this paper, the alkali metal ions Na+(or K+)/RE3+ codoped SiO2-PbF2-PbO glass and glass ceramics were prepared by high temperature sintering method. According to the results of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), absorption spectra and upconversion luminescence spectra in the samples of Er3+ doped and Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped glass ceramics, we analysed the influence of the alkali metal ions on thermal stability, micro-structure and upconversion luminescence of the samples. And we obtained some useful results as follows:(1) In the first part, Na+(K+)/Er3+ codoped silicate glass ceramics were investigated. According to the XRD partern,
　　Na+ ions are beneficary to the formation ofβ-PbF2 nanocrystals in glass ceramics. The upconversion luminescence spectra measurements were carried out under the excitation of a 980nm laser diode (LD), and the intense red(650nm), green(520nm, 545nm) and violet(412nm) emission were simulataneous observed at room temperature. The doped alkali ions, expecially the Na+ ions enhance the emission intensity remarkably. With the increace of the Er3+ ions http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ concentration, the ratio of red to green upconversion intensity decreased, whereas the ratio of violet to green upconversion intensity increased in Na+ doped glass ceramics.(2) In the second part, the TmF3 and YbF3 co-doped silicate samples were studied. The obtained precusor glass samples were all semitransparent and then changed to transparent after heat treatment. XRD and TEM measurements found some aggregations with the size of 50nm with a plenty of nanocrystals with the size of 2-3nm distributed inhomoginiously in the host glass. After heat treatment, the size of the crystals grew to 10nm, and the distribution became uniformly, which induce that the samples became tranparent. In K+/Tm2O3/Yb2O3 co-doped silicate glass ceramics, the K+ ions enhance the thermal stability and are of benefit to precipitate PbF2 nanocrystals. Under the excitation of 980nm LD, the intense infrared (790nm), weak red(649nm) and blue(412nm) emission were simulataneously observed at room temperature. Particularly, the intensity of blue luminescence was improved in the 0.5mol%Na+/0.1mol%TmO1.5/YbO1.5 samples.It can be concluded that the upconversion luminescence intensty is obviously improved in RE+-doped SiO2-PbO-PbF2 glass and glass ceramics by doping alkali mental Na+ ions. And these Na+ doped host material would be of a potential applications in the up-conversion laser and fiber communications.

Theoretical Research of an End Pumped Double-clad Fiber Lasers Doped with Quasi Two-energy-level Ions

Theoretical Research of an End Pumped Double-clad Fiber Lasers Doped with Quasi Two-energy-level Ions
　　Compared to the tradition solid lasers, rare earth doped fiber lasers has it’s unique characteristics, owing to their compactness, small volume and weigh, lower threshold, superb beam quality, high conversion efficiency, and large ratio of area/ volume, in favor of heat dispersion. Following the invention of the double-clad fiber lasers, the higher and higher powers have been achieved from the fiber lasers. At present, the fiber lasers have been widely used in the fields of long-distance fiber-optic communications, sensor, industry, medical treatment, national defence, etc.. As a consequence, in-depth studies on double-clad fiber lasers have become an important research topic, and fruitful and abundant experimental and theoretical results have been achieved. In the theoretical research of the fiber lasers, people generally used the rate equations.
　　The investigation indicates that, the rate equations are correct and effective, and most widely used and powerful tool to theoretically predict the lasers Magnetic lifter characteristics and it’s elements of working, investigate and devise fiber laser.Compared to the numerical solutions of the rate equations, the analytical solutions have some dearly strongpoints, so that, after certain justified approximations have been adopted, peole have attempted to derive the analytical results. Unfortunately, owing to the nonlinear nature of the rate equations, it is difficult to obtain the exact analytical expressions. Even though, after the neglection of the loss coefficient of the laser radiation, people have obtained the analytical results satisfying one of the following approximate conditions: (a) the loss coefficient of the pump light can be neglected, which is applicable to the single-clad fiber lasers; (b) the re-emission arising from the interaction between the pump photons and upper-level ions can be neglected, which is applicable to the larger loss coefficient of the pump light and longer cavity of double-dad fiber lasers.In typical double-clad fiber lasers with a reasonable length, the loss coefficient of pump light is usually larger than the gain provided by the re-emission arising from the interaction between the pump photons and upper-level ions. However, when the double-clad fiber length reduces down to the order of～1 m, or when the fiber used is a single-clad fiber, it may happen that the contribution of the re-emission becomes comparable to, or even larger than the loss coefficient of pump radiation.
　　Under these circumstances, neglecting the quantity of the loss coefficient of pump radiation may be a better approximation. It is conceivable that, the neglection of the loss coefficient of pump light and the loss coefficient of the laser radiation, or the loss http://www.999magnet.com/ coefficient of the laser radiation and the upper-level population, definitely resulted in an underestimation of the threshold pump power and overestimation of the laser output power. The data of experiment have indicated that the threshold predicted by the approximated theory is slightly smaller than the measured result.In this work, based on the theoretic of the previous studies, we have made an analytical solution by using the rate equations of an end-pumped fiber lasers doped with two-energy-level ions in the steaty state. The main works are as follows:(1) After negenecting the loss coefficient of laser radiation, it becomes apparent that the key issue of finding analytical expression for the laser output is evaluating the integrations of the loss coefficient of pump radiation multiplied by the pump radiation. Using typical parameters of double-clad fiber lasers, estimations have been made on the contribution of the re-emission affect arising from the interaction between the upper-level atoms and pump light. It is realized that the retaining of the predominance, part of the re-emission Magnetic lifter  can improve the accuracy and extend the application range of the integratable approximated rate equations. As a result, an explicit analytical expression for the output of the double-clad fiber lasers, together with gradient efficiency of the pump radiation, and the analytical expression to the threshold pump power has been deduced in an economic way also.
　　And the expression of the minimum fiber length has been deduced, and a dosed-form expression to the optimum fiber length at which the laser output power takes maxmum has been obtaind, and certain issues of concern have been discussed.(2) The rate equations in the steaty state including loss coefficients describing threshold pumped fiber lasers doped with quasi two-energy-level rare-earth ions have been analytically and fully solved. An analytical expression to the threshold pump power has been deduced, following the derivation of a closed-form expression for the variation of the pump power along the fiber has also been obtained, together with analytical solutions to the laser power in terms of the pump power and the position dependent atom population density. A comparison has been made between the analytical result with the previous reported results, which indicates that various approximations have underestimated the threshold pump powers, while the theoretical predication of this Magnetic lifter  work is the closest to the experimental result.(3) Using the approximations analytical method used in (1), the output performance of multiwavelength double-clade fiber lasers with a Fabry-Perot (F-P) flter is analyzed. And the parameters that may influence the output performance of multiwavelength have been discussed, such as the reflectivity of fiber facets, the reflectivity of dichroic mirror, the length of the F-P filter, and the wavelength of the pump radiation. It may offer the theoretical basis in our expirement to design a multiwavelength double-clade fiber lasers with better performances.

Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism of Gneiss in the Depth Interval 3000-3500m from the Main Drill Hole of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project

Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism of Gneiss in the Depth Interval 3000-3500m from the Main Drill Hole of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project
　　The main drill hole CCSD-MH, Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD), with depth of 5000 m, is located in the Donghai area, southwestern Sulu terrane. The 3000-3500 m recovered cores in CCSD-MH are mainly comprised of orthogneiss (granitic gneiss) and paragneiss, with thin layers of eclogite, schist and amphibolite. The chatacteristic of petrography indicate that the granitic gneiss can be named as garnet-bearing K-feldspar granitic gneiss, biotite-bearing K-feldspar (monzonitic) granitic gneiss, phengite-bearing K-feldspar (monzonitic) granitic gneiss, magnetite-bearing K-feldspar (monzonitic) granitic gneiss, amphibole-bearing K-feldspar granitic gneiss, two-mica K-feldspar (monzonitic) granitic gneiss, magnetite-bearing two-mica monzonitic granitic gneiss, garnet- bearing biotite monzonitic granitic gneiss, and K-feldsapar granitic gneiss. The paragneiss Neodymium Magnets can be divided into epidote biotite plagiogneiss/ monzonitic gneiss, epidote biotite amphibole plagiogneiss, garnet- bearing epidote biotite plagiogneiss/ monzonitic gneiss, garnet- bearing biotite plagiogneiss/ monzonitic gneiss, amphibole biotite plagiogneiss/ monzonitic gneiss, garnet-bearing phengite plagiogneiss, biotite plagiogneiss/ minzonitic gneiss, amphibole epidote biotite plagiogneiss, phengite plagiogneiss/ monzonitic gneiss, two-mica plagiogneiss/ monzonitic gneiss, garnet-gearing two-mica monzonitic gneiss, magnetite- bearing monzonitic gneiss, magnetitc- bearing biotite monzonitic gneiss.
　　The SiO2 and Al2O3 contents of analyzed orthogneiss samples range from 73.56% to 79.01%, and from 10.49% to 13.75%, respectively. All the analysis show lower abundance of TiO2, Fe2O3, FeO, MnO and MgO (Fe2O3=0.26%-2.56%, FeO=0.09%-1.13% and MgO=0.01%-0.63%). The analyzed sample are rich in Na2O and K2O(Na2O+K2O = 6.20%-9.15%, K2O = 1.26%-5.67%), and poor in CaO(CaO = 0.08%-1.59%). The patterns of REE and trace element is characterized by medium to high negative Eu anomalies, light rare earth element relatively concentrated and high rare earth element deficient. In the MORB normalized spider diagram, the granitic gneiss is relatively riched in K, Rb, Th, Zr and Hf, but evident depleted with Ti, Ta and Nb. The http://www.999magnet.com/ major and trace element composition indicate that the preexisting rock of granitic gneiss in the main drill hole interval 3000-3500 m belong to A-type granite protolith, formed in the continental rift surrounding, registered the granitic and basic magmatism in Neoprotorozoic Rodinia supercontinent breakup event.
　　The north margin characteristic of Yangtze block in the Neoprotoroic belongs to the continental rift surrounding.Comparing to the orthogneiss, the paragneiss have relatively lower SiO2 contents, higher Al2O3, FeO, Fe2O3, MgO and CaO contents, SiO2 ranges from 55.38% to 78.5%, Al2O3 from 10.99% to 20.09%, FeO from 0.4% to 6.04%, Fe2O3 from 0.14% to 3.86%, MgO from 0.05% to 4.83%, CaO from 0.22% to 7.39%. The REE and trace element patterns of paragneiss are characterized by high to slightly negative and positive Eu anomalies, with large variation range of REE. These major and trace element composition indicate that the paragneiss have Neodymium Magnets different source rocks. Some of them may be come from acidic volcanic ignimbrite, which formed in interplate or volcanic arc surrounding. Some may be from pelitic sedimentary rocks, which formed in the fore-arc (back-arc) basin or strike basin surrounding.Combined study of Laser Raman, cathodoluminescence (CL) and SHRIMP U-Pb dating reveals that the zircons separated from the orthogneiss and the paragneiss recorded complicated geochronological traces. All the analyzed zircons separated from orthogneiss retain inherited magmatic crystallization cores with inherited ages (206Pb*/238U) of more than 750 Ma, indicating that the protolith of orthogneiss formed at Neoprotorozoic. Those separated from paragneiss retain inherited (detrital) cores with inherited ages (206Pb*/238U) of 659-313Ma, indicating that the detrital zircons of the protolith have the variety of soures. Coesite-bearing domains of zircons from orthogneiss and paragneiss recorded an weighted ages (206Pb*/238U) of 227±2Ma and 228±5Ma, indicating that the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism happened in late Triassic time. The quartz- and albite- beaing rims of zircons recorded an weighted ages (206Pb*/238U) of 209±3Ma and 213±6Ma for the late amphibolite facies thermal event in exhumation of Sulu terrane. The geochronology of micro domains in zircons from orthogneiss indicate that the orthogneiss was come from the Neoprotonozoic grnites which experienced the ultrahigh-pressure and late amphibolite facies metamorphism.

Study on Electrochemical Properties and Phase Structure

Study on Electrochemical Properties and Phase Structure of Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3/Mg2Ni Composite Hydrogen Storage Alloys Prepared by Two-step Melting
　　At present, rare earth hydrogen storage alloy type AB5 used wildly for rechargeable battery has low capacity and short cycle life. In order to develop a novel material with good electrochemical properties, a composite of rare earth hydrogen storage and Mg–based alloy are usually prepared by mechanical alloying (MA). However, there are two disadvantages of long grinding time and short cycle stability. In addition, phases can not be joined closely with each Cube neodymium magnet other together, particle surface is easy to be oxidized and polluted, as well as some impurity is also easy to be introduced into alloy in the processing.In order to improve the characteristics of Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3, the composites of Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3/x wt%Mg2Ni (x=0, 5, 10, 30) were synthesized by two-step re-melting in this work. Firstly, the master alloy ingots of Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3 and Mg2Ni were prepared separately,then were crushed and mixed in designed proportion.
　　The mixture was re-molten and the composite was obtained. The electrochemical performance and PCT characteristic of the composites were tested by means of electrochemical measurement. Their thermodynamic properties were calculated and phase structures and components were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS, respectively. The effects of Mg2Ni content in the composites on the phase structures, electrochemical and thermodynamic properties were investigated.The results indicate that the cycle stability of composites is improved drastically compared with that of Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3, as the capacity retention rate after 200 cycles increases 16% after it was compounded with Mg2Ni; the discharge capacity of Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3 is going to decline rapidly from the 133th cycle and the electrochemical capacity is only 49.6% of its initial capacity when reaching 150th cycle, whereas it will be approximately 89% for composite alloy. Cube neodymium magnet  The composite with 5% Mg2Ni has an excellent comprehensive thermodynamic and electrochemical property. It is activated after only 6 cycles (Cn=6) at room temperature.
　　The maximum discharge capacity (Cmax), high-rate discharge ability HRD600, capacity retention after 200 cycles, and discharge plateau voltage are 274.4mAh/g, 32.5%, 78.24%, and 1.022V, respectively. It is found that the alloy has a large effective hydrogen capacity resulted in its good discharge voltage plateau characteristic, such as wide plateau, gentle slope, and long continuous discharge time at the plateau voltage.The results show that there is a stronger and a narrower full width at half maximum peak in the XRD patterns of the main-phase LaNi5 in master alloyMm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3 than that of it in the composites. It illustrates that the grain of the substrate is fined resulted in Mg2Ni adding. The results of SEM/EDS analysis show that, with x increasing, the microstructures of the composites varies gradually from the lamellar(x=5), acicular(x=10) to massive(x=30), Al-rich and Ni-rich phases exist in the substrate, and the grains of phase Mg2Ni grow slightly.It is also found that the composite contained 30wt% Mg2Ni is difficult to be activated at room temperature. Its maximum Cube neodymium magnet  discharge capacity (Cmax) and capacity retention after 200 cycles are only 90.72 mAh/g and 61.86%, individually. The HRD900 is less than 15%. So, it is not of benefit to the improvement of composite properties by adding excessive content of Mg2Ni in it.

二氧化钛系半导体双功能材料的研究

二氧化钛系半导体双功能材料的研究
　　TiO2 ceramic varistors, a kind of semiconductor with double function, have low breakdown voltage, excellent non-linear coefficient and high dielectric constant. They are widely utilized, mainly being used as transient high-voltage protector and surge arrestor. TiO2 ceramic varistors have a great potential application in market.The properties of TiO2 ceramic varistors were studied in this paper. These were no-additive, only Nb2O5 additive, double additive of Nb2O5 and La2O3, nano-TiO2 additive and rare earth CeO2 additive sample.
　　The microstructure of low-voltage TiO2 ceramic Magnetic lifter varistors, with different compositions and process, were tested systematically. Last, grain boundary segregation driving force of different sample were researched. Some experimental results were obtained.Through many experiments, the best comprehensive properties with repeated and stable experiment were proved to be the nano-TiO2 doping in all series samples. In nano-TiO2 doping series, the properties of [ 98.7 mol % TiO2 (6wt % nano-TiO2) ] +0.6mol %Nb2O5+0.4 mol%La2O3+0.3 mol%SiO2 composition was best in sintering 1360℃. The properties include: breakdown voltage of 4.36V/mm, nonlinear coefficient of 6.3, dielectric dissipation of 0.22 and comparative dielectric of 9.7×104. In nano-TiO2 doping series, sample properties of breakdown voltage deduced and nonlinear coefficient rised http://www.999magnet.com/ with the sintering temperature going high. In the rare earth doping series, sample with good properties sintering temperature can be deduced to 1240℃, but with no repeatful and stable experiment.In addition, through the analysis of grain boundary segregation driving force, the grain boundary segregation driving force factors benefit the analysis of relation with composite and microstructure. The photography of SEM implies, the microstructure of TiO2 ceramic varistors are composed of grains, less second phase and gas hole, which are various of composite. The analysis of second phase with XRD indicates it is composed of TiO2 with little LaNbTiO6, La4Ti9O24 and NbO2.Finally, TiO2 Varistors resistence is designed and made compared with related technology parameters of round SrTiO3 ring varistor resistence. Module size is Φout of 15mm, Φin of 9mm,d of 1.2～1.5mm.

Influences of Sintered Technologies and Additives on Properties of Aluminum Oxide Ceramic

Influences of Sintered Technologies and Additives on Properties of Aluminum Oxide Ceramic
　　Al2O3 ceramic samples were formed by using 40MPa mold-pressed method and sintered in three atmospheres (vacuum, air, nitrogen gas). The main raw material is micron-sized Al2O3 powder and sintered additives are CaO, SiO2, Y2O3, La2O3. Changed rules of sintered samples’mechanical properties concerned with sintered temperature and amount of addictives were studied. Analysis of phase structure and microcosmic morphology were made. Sintered mechanism Neodymium Magnets was discussed as well. Experimental results indicate: sintered atmosphere has great effect on mechanical properties of 95 Al2O3 ceramic. Under the same circumstance, specimen prepared in vacuum has a few holes in relative compact body than specimens sintered in air and nitrogen gas. Tissue and property are optimal.
　　The optimal sintered temperature is 1500℃, other performances are respectively relative density 92.2%, bending strength 168MPa, hardness (HRA) 78.2; Specimens prepared in air performed lightly better than specimens sintered in nitrogen gas. In the range of 1450℃1600℃, the best sintered temperature is 1600℃, relative density 83%, bending strength 96.17MPa, hardness (HRA) 74; For specimens contained rare earth oxide, in air condition, http://www.999magnet.com/ property of specimen with Y2O3, La2O3 is better than conventional 95 Al2O3 ceramic. In the range of 1520℃1600℃, the best sintered temperature is 1600℃and the optimal rare earth oxide content is 0.50wt%. Al2O3 have additive of Y2O3, La2O3 and additive of Y2O3, La2O3 mingled powder. Under the same circumstance, performances of the two latter samples are the same approximately, both better than the former one’s. In vacuum, specimen with Y2O3, La2O3 shows more excellent mechanical property than conventional 95 Al2O3 ceramic sintered in air. When sintered temperature is 1600℃, specimens with 0.50wt%La2O3 have performances below: relative density 97%, bending strength 210.34MPa, hardness (HRA) 81.4.

Preparation of Lanthanon Doped PbO2/Ti Electrode and Performance of Electrocatalytic Nitrobenzene

Preparation of Lanthanon Doped PbO2/Ti Electrode and Performance of Electrocatalytic Nitrobenzene
　　In the field of wastewater treatment industry, electrocatalytic oxidative methods have attracted ever-increasing interests due to their environmental compatibility and amity, especially their direct or indirect oxidation of bio-refractory organic pollutants. Virtually, electrodes play important roles in electrocatalytic oxidative processes, so that it is especially essential to find and prepare proper material for electrodes.In this thesis, a large number of experiments were carried out to neodymium rare earth magnets optimize technology for electrode preparation. Attempt to improve solvent for preparing undercoat was studied. Three kinds of PbO2/Ti electrodes were prepared by anodic electrodeposition, which were coated by the oxides of Biα+、Ceβ+ or Laγ+. Electrocatalytic characteristic of these electrodes were investigated by its degradation of phenol wastewater and electrode lifetime. Try to increase the efficiency of organic sewage degradation and reduce energy consumption of electrolytic apparatus by optimize electrode preparation, an attempt of electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater was applied on the experiments.
　　The experiment results that Ce2+doped PbO2/Ti electrode obtained high electrocatalytic activity and stability, i.e. 83.5% phenol removal rate and electrode lifetime of 41.5 h were achieved respectively, in the condition of current density 30mA/cm2, http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ electrolysis time 60 min and phenol concentration 20 mg/L. The micrographs、element analysis、the crystal structure on the surface of electrode and the electrocatalytic performance of the electrodes were analyzed by SEM, EDX, XRD and the Potentioatat. The results showed that the crystal granule of Biα+ doped PbO2/Ti electrode was uniformity and much smaller. Ce2+ doped PbO2/Ti electrode made the more uniformity crystal distribution and stable solide structure , although the dimension of crystal particle wasn’t still change, however, Laγ+ doped PbO2/Ti electrode did harmful to the electrocatalytic activity of electrode because the dimension of crystal granule was disunity、more larger and even . The results of Potentioatat suggested that

辅酶及植酸分子与金属表面相互作用拉曼光谱研究

辅酶及植酸分子与金属表面相互作用拉曼光谱研究
　　The confocal laser Raman microspectroscope has high spatial resolution and sensitivity as well as SERS can provide the information of at monolayer at molecular level. In addition, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) technique can present a uniform and order molecular array as a well defining mode for surface study. In this thesis, the three methods mentioned above, were employed together to observe the mechanism and phenomenon of surface process.Under different experiment conditions, SERS spectra of coenzyme NAD+ and phytic SAMs on the metal surface were Cube neodymium magnet obtained. Based on the calculation results for vibration by quantum chemistry methods along with the SERS mechanism, the adsorption structure of the monolayers at the metallic surface could be deduced.
　　And also, the electrochemical and in situ spectroelectrochemical methods are used to investigate the relationships of structure-properties and examine the stability of monolayers. The main contents of this thesis include the following parts:Rare earth is applied widely and its biochemical effects as a hot spot are concerned. Charged silver surface could serve as the bio-mimic interface and the influence of Ce(III) on the structure of NAD+ monolayer at that surface was investigated by SERS study for understanding the mechanism of interaction between rare earth ion and coenzyme adsorbed on the bio-membranes. After the Ce(III) added in the obtained SERS spectra, it is found that, the change of the peaks are almost related to the vibrational modes of ribose and phosphate groups, it http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ could be suggested that NAD+ form complexes with Ce(III), leading that the nicotinamide moiety left away from the surface.Phytic acid (IP6) is an environmentally friendly anti-corrosive agent. Six phosphate groups of IP6 molecule possess the chelating capability with metal and the configuration of IP6 in solution is dependent of the pH value. Phytic acid monolayers self-assembled at the different metal surfaces were observed by the SERS spectroscopy and electrochemistry. On the basis of results of SERS mapping and quantum chemistry calculation, one concludes that in a solution of pH 1.27, IP6 tends to anchor at the silver surface via one phosphate group to assemble the monolayers and under pH=13, it adsorbs chemically at the surface through four

Study on Ultra-low Hydrogen High Strength CHE607GX Electrode for X70 Pipeline Welding

Study on Ultra-low Hydrogen High Strength CHE607GX Electrode for X70 Pipeline Welding
　　To meet need of welding requirement for X70 pipeline steel used in China’s nation-wide gas transferring project, the ways to improve the operation properties and the weld-toughness of welding electrodes with alkaline coating, as well as to improve the electrodes’resistance to moisture absorption, are thoroughly studied. Upon this, a new type of ultra-low-hydrogen Block neodymium magnet and high-toughness electrode, branded as CHE607GX, is developed and tested.With respect to the operation properties, the effect of chemical compositions of the coatings on various operation properties is examined by using a advanced GX high temperature physical analyzer a serious of welding procedures. It is found that the changes of marble, fluorite and quartz in coatings’composition may greatly affect the properties of the electrode, and the best result is achieved when these materials are in the range of marble/fluorite 2～2.5%(wt)and quartz 4～10%.
　　With respect to the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld, the effect of C, Mn, Si and Ni is discussed, while the effect of the addition of Ti-B and rare earth is also examined. It is found that by strictly controlling the compositions C,Si and impure element S, as well as by maintaining Mn/Si at a ratio of 3.0~3.5 and adding small amount of Ni (0.3~2%) and http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ a micro addition of Ti-B and rare earth in the weld, the formation pro-eutectoid ferrite can be significantly suppressed while the formation of acicular ferrite can be promotedIn order to increase the electrodes’resistance to moisture absorption, all coating materials that might cause severe moisture absorption are carefully sorted out and closely tested. It is found that by replacing the moisture-prone materials with moisture-resistant materials, as well as by correctly selecting the adhesive materials, the moisture-resistance of the coatings can be greatly improved.With its excellent properties in welding operation as well as its outstanding mechanical properties of the weld, the new electrode has been successfully used in China’s nation-wide gas transferring project.

The Geochemistry Characteristics of Ore-bearing Series in East Liaoning

The Geochemistry Characteristics of Ore-bearing Series in East Liaoning
　　East Liaoning borate deposits are special matamophic-hydrothermal-metasomatic borate deposits and distributed in“Liaoji paleorift”of Paleoproterozoic of China. Their ore-bearing series are a set of metamorphic assemblages having undergone regional metamorphism of amphibolite facies, occurring in the Liujiahe、Gaoxiaoling、Linjiatai, Laoyinggou and Zhuanmiao formations, and mainly distributed in southern and eastern East Liaoning Peninsula, from Yingkou City in the west to Kuandian in the south. The main ore-bearing series include the Houxianyu,Wengquangou,Ymugan,Zhuanmiao rock series. Their metamorphic rocks are tourmaline leptynites, biotite leptynites and leptites, amphibolite rocks, migmatite and Magnesium marbles. The tourmaline leptynites, biotite leptynites and leptites occurrring distinctly stratiform continuously extend in the region, and are commonly characterized with mutual transitional relationships and with banded and massive structures.The Protolithes of tourmaline leptynites are mainly mudstone, claystone and sandstone; and, some protolithes of positive metamorphic Block Neodymium magnets rocks are intermediate- acid tuff. According to the major elements and trace elements, the biotite granulite and granulite show characteristics of positive metamorphic rocks; but as to REE, biotite leptynites, leptites and tourmaline are closely associated mutually, and their REE distribution patterns are fairly similar to those of the clay and clay shale distributed in the continental crust and subcontinent crust geosyncline.
　　The evidence from petrology and geochemistry indicates that protolithes of the leptynites and leptites are equivalent to a set of argillaceous rocks, siltstones and a minor amount of pyroclastic rocks. The amphibolites are stratiform or lentoid structures with gneissic texture and fine-grained granoblastic texture; the major elements, trace elements and REE of the plagioclase amphibolites all indicate that the protolithes of amphibolites are a set of basic igneous rocks with characteristics of continental basalt.The stratiform migmatites are surrended by their country rocks composed of a variety of leptynites and leptites. The migmatites are conformable contact with their country rocks with distint boundaries. There are cross-beddings in the transitional layers and some interbedded amphibolites still remain in the strata so that the relics of leptynites and leptites are commonly http://www.999magnet.com/ discovered. The characteristic of major elements are similar to igneous, but the trace and REEelements are similar to the leptynites and leptites. According to the characteristics, the migmatites were formed by the selected remelting or mix replacement of amphibolites, leptynites and leptites.The stratiform and lenticular Magnesium marbles with intense serpentinization can be traced across the area with discontinuation. Compare to the sedimentary and igneous carbonates , they are higher Mg and lower Ca compare, and the content of TiO2, Al2O3, MnO, K2O, Na2O, P2O5 are similar to carbonates sedimentary in the major elements, and as to trace elements, they are decrement Sr and Ti, especially Ti, which suggests that the carbonates are of originated from crust. Compare to carbonates of sedimentary of Cretaceous and Precambrian in Tibet onion of China, the REE elements are similar, but to the carbonate of igneous, they are different. So, the magnesium marbles of the ore-bearing series are of sedimentary origin.

Preparation and Characterization of Rare Earth Composite Oxides Upconversion Nanofibers by Electrospinning Method

Preparation and Characterization of Rare Earth Composite Oxides Upconversion Nanofibers by Electrospinning Method
　　In recent years, investigation on nanofibers has aroused much attention of the scientists all over the world due to their unique characteristics such as very large surface area to volume ratio, flexibility in surface functionalities, and superior mechanical performance compared with any other known form of the materials. There has been an intense interest recently in the investigation of upconverting phosphor compounds that produce emitted photons with a higher energy than the excitation photon energy. These outstanding properties make the upconversion luminescence be the optimal candidates for many important applications, such as all-solid compact laser devices, infrared quantum Magnetic lifter counter detectors and fluorescent labels for sensitive detection of biomolecules.
　　Preparation, properties and applications of these compounds have become an important research field.In the dissertation, PVA/inorganic salts composite nanofibers were fabricated by sol-gel process and electrospinning technique, using polyvinylalcohol (PVA Mn=80000) and various inorganic salts as starting materials. Y2O3, Y2O3:Er3+, Y2O2:Yb3+:Er3+, Gd2O3:Yb3+:Er3+ nanofibers were obtained by calcinations of the relative composite nanofibers. This method offered a brand-new way for fabricating one-dimensional inorganic upconversion nanomaterials.The PVA/inorganic salts composite nanofibers and rare earth oxides nanofibers were characterized by scanning http://www.999magnet.com/ electron microscope(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR). X-ray diffraction(XRD) and thermal analysis(TGA-DTA). All the results show that the favorite nanofibers with smooth surface, homogeneous diameters of 50-100nm and uniform morphology were obtained. At room temperature, these three kinds of upconversion luminescence nanofibers namely Y2O3:Er3+, Y2O3:Yb3+:Er3+, Gd2O3:Yb3+:Er3+ were excited by 980nm laser and the upconversion luminescence were achieved. The upconversion emission spectra of the upconversion luminescence nanofibers were similar to these of the relative upconversion luminescence particles.

Synthesis and Characterization of SiC Powder

Synthesis and Characterization of SiC Powder
　　SiC ceramic has been extensively applied in precision bearings, sealing element, steam-turbine rotor, burner nozzle, heat interchanger parts, atomic reactor materials and etc. because of its excellent properties in high temperature mechanical properties, antioxidatio, abrasion resistance, thermal stability, smaller coefficient of thermal expansion, larger thermal conductivity, hardness, thermal shock and chemical corrosion. It has attracted increasing attention in recent years and has a wide application foreground. At present, the main method to synthesize SiC powder for trade—carbonthermal reduction method need high temperature (﹥1600℃) and long time (﹥5h), which not only increases the size of the powder but also enhances the production cost that largely affect the spreading and application of SiC powder.
　　Many research indicated that improving the Special shape NdFeB magnets homogeneous mixing extent of the starting materials and adding appropriate additives were the effective ways to accelerate the reaction rate. In this paper, nano-SiO2 and activated carbon were used to synthesize SiC powder by carbonthermal reduction method. The rare earth lanthanum or ceria were used as the additives. The experimental results showed that SiC ultrafine powder was synthesized at 1500℃for 120 minutes by used rare earth lanthanum as additive. Its primary particle size was about 100nm and aggregated particle size was about 360nm and the particle shape was regulation, non-aggregation and well dispersibility. While the rare earth ceria used as the additive, SiC ultrafine powder was synthesized at 1500℃for 150 minutes but the particle shape was irregulation and seriously agglomerated and had numerous crystal whiskers. The results indicated that the effect of lanthanum was better than ceria in the process of synthesize SiC by carbonthermal reduction method. Comparing with the traditional carbonthermal http://www.999magnet.com/ reduction method, the synthesis temperature was not only reduced, but also the time of reaction was shortened. Therefore, ultrafine powder of SiC could be produced with non-aggregation and regulate particle shape. In this paper, the reaction mechanism for synthesize SiC powder by carbonthermal reduction method was also discussed. There were two reaction mechanisms: for first, if the reaction happens in a closed vessel, the reaction between the gas and gas phase would be happened through controlling the synthetic temperature and adjusting the partial pressure of CO. for second, if the reaction happens in the atmosphere of Ar the reaction between the gas and

In-Situ Synthesis and Spectral Property Investigation of Tb Organic Complex in SiO2 Gel

In-Situ Synthesis and Spectral Property Investigation of Tb Organic Complex in SiO2 Gel
　　Research on the effect of preparation technology of in-situ synthesis to microstructure of gel and the hydrolysis and polymerization of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), formation, structure and control methods of SiO2 gel by using BET and IR methods were reviewed in this paper. Research on the effect of ratio of hydrolysis and polymerization to distribution of polymerization manner、distribution of grain of gel and structure of gel, the optimum processing parameters were determined, mol ratio n(H2O): n(TEOS): n(C2H5OH) =4: 4: 1 and pH=2～3, by which SiO2 Alnico magnets can be prepared with exhibited a quadrilateral arrangement of uniform structure. It can meet preparing structure controllable inorganic materials with the features of good performance, short periodic.This paper investigated the structures,
　　spectral characters and luminescence behaviors of the Tb complexes by in - situ synthesis method. It was found that the narrow excitation spectra of terbium were replaced by the broad excitation spectra of their corresponding complexes in gel glass and that the intensity of the emission spectra of these gel glass varied with the concentration of lanthanide ion, ligands, heat-treatment time and temperature while the wavelength of the emission peak remain unchanged, which indicated the in-situ synthesis of the terbium complexes.The effect of the doping concentration of the lanthanide ions and ligands as well as the heat-treatment time on the luminescence behavior of http://www.999magnet.com/ the lanthanide ions codoped gel glass was systematically studied. The results showed that the emission intensity of rare earth complexes and the amount of the in situ synthesized rare earth complexes in the gel glass increased with the increase of the heat-treatment time. The fluorescence spectra of these materials presented a series of narrow lines assigned to the transitions of Tb3+. The high emission intensity observed was a promising property for application in technological luminescent devices.

柴达木盆地北缘滩间山群火山岩岩石组合及形成环境

柴达木盆地北缘滩间山群火山岩岩石组合及形成环境
　　The paper mostly study volcanic rocks of Tanjianshangroup in the north of Chaidamu basin,Qinghai province. The rocks have been systemly studied according to petrology, petrochemistry, geochemistry of rare earth and microelement、 isotopic age. We infer diagenetic environment of rocks in base of them.There are the rocks in the north of Chaidamu basin here and there. Most of rocks are deterioration. There are some carbonating rocks. Most of rocks are basic and acidic. The ages of Tanjianshangroup rocks were formed in 408-5 1 8Ma.They belong to Ordovician Magnetic lifter and Silurian period according to isotopic ages. In term of regional geology, rock character, isotopic age. We newly set off Tanjianshangroup. The name of Tanjianshangroup is abolished. That is to say, Ordovician period O1-2h、 Ordovician period O3c>、 Ordovician period O3y. The rocks have characters of rift valley and volcanic arc according to rock association, petrochemistry, http://www.999magnet.com/ geochemistry of rare earth and microelement. Consequently, We infer diagenetic environment of rocks. They have suffered several stages of forming rift valley, stable rift valley and arc.

Combustion Synthesis of Rare Earth Ions Doped Fluorescence Materials

Combustion Synthesis of Rare Earth Ions Doped Fluorescence Materials
　　Rare earth element possess abundant and particular electronic energy band structure,which lead to plentiful electron transition, so these element obtain multiform luminescencecharacter, this series of materials hold important place in luminescence materials zone.The traditional method to synthesize luminescence materials is solid-state reaction, thismethod could synthesize pure product with high purity, however, the long reaction time andhigh temperature restrict it’s farther develop. In the experiment, CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+phosphor、Y2O2S:Eu3+ red fluorescence material and YAG:Ce3+ yellow fluorescence materialwere fabricated by urea(CH4N2S)-nitrate solution combustion synthesis at 400～600℃ withseveral minutes reaction time.
　　From altering the reaction condition and the ratio Magnetic lifter of raw materials, the experimentanalyzed the purity and afterglow decay trend of CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+ phosphor influenced bythe quantity of urea. From the results, it was concluded that the quantity of urea equal to 5times of academic dosage, we could obtain the satisfactory material.Y2O2S:Eu3+ was a new type red fluorescence material, compared to traditional materials,it had excellent environment applicability. The experiment used CH4N2S as fuel tosynthesized Y2O2S:Eu3+ material at 450℃, from experimental results, it found that thequantity of CH4N2S equal to 4～4.5 times of academic dosage, the quantity of byproduct(suchas S and Y2O3:Eu3+) at low level, the product with preferable luminescence character.YAG:Ce3+ yellow fluorescence material was important part of white light http://www.999magnet.com/ LED, it withexcitation spectrum peak at 470nm, the experiment synthesized YAG:Ce3+ material bycombustion synthesis. Because the white light composed by InGaN blue LED chip andYAG:Ce3+ yellow material lack of long wave component, the experiment studied theexcitation spectrum peak of YAG:Ce3+ material shift towards long wave when changing thestructure of YAG.. For same purpose, the Ca1-xSrxS:Eu2+ red fluorescence material wasproduced by combustion synthesis, it had strong excitation at 470nm, so it could be used towhite light LED with YAG:Ce3+ material together. Used the above two methods, theirradiance character of white light LED could be improved effectively.

Study on Simultaneous Catalytic Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitric Oxide on Rare Earth Oxide

Study on Simultaneous Catalytic Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitric Oxide on Rare Earth Oxide
　　Sulfur dioxide(SO2) and nitric oxide(NO) resulting from the combustion process of coal, are two major air pollutants which have caused serious damage to the eco-environment. In recent years, as the protection of the ecological system was further enhanced, coal-fired power plants were requried supporting facilities to control the total emissions of SO2 and NOx. Simultaneous application the traditional facilities of desulfurization and denitrification cannot be endure even in developed country because of the high costs of investment and operation. So increasing importance has been attached to the technology of simultaneous catalytic reduction of SO2 and NO. This techonlgy is Neodymium Magnets desirable for its compact construction and low price. In the flue gas, CO which is the production of incomplete combustion is easy to be obtained and it can simultaneously reduce SO2 to elemental sulfur as well as NO to nitrogen. Compared with other ordinary FGD process, the catalytic reduction of SO2 and NO avoid the secondary pollution. What’s more, the end product of sulfur is a kind of important industry stuff.Preparation of catalysts is an important factor which affects the performance for desulfurization or denitrification. In the paper, activated alumina (γ-Al2O3)、silica gel(SiO2) and zeolite were used as the carriers of the catalysts, and rare earth oxides and nickel oxide were chosen as active components.
　　A series of simplex and complex catalysts were prepared by impregnating in certain ratio. Separate removal of SO2 over the prepared catalysts has been reserched. The effects the carries, the order of dipping component to the carrier and temperature on the activies of the catalysts were investigated. The phase characteristics of catalysts were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, simultaneous reduction of SO2 and NO by CO over selected catalysts in desulfurization process have been researched in the thesis.The results of experiments indicate that, in the desulphurization process, the activity of catalyst La2O3-NiO/γ-Al2O3 is much higher than other catalysts, and the reaction can be soon actived at centigrade 500, while the SO2 conversion rate is over 99%. The activated catalysts will keep high activity between centigrade 400~300. It is favor in the process http://www.999magnet.com/ that La component was impregnated after nickel component. The effect of the kinds of carries on the activites of the catalysts is distinct. SO2 conversion is below 90% over the compound catalyst CeO2-NiO/γ-Al2O3 and above 99% over CeO2-NiO/SiO2 as well as that above 97% over CeO2-NiO/zeolite. In NO+ SO2+CO system, NiO/γ-Al2O3, La2O3-NiO/γ-Al2O3 and CeO2-NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts both have high activity for simultaneous reduction of SO2 and NO, and the activities are higher over the same catalysts after sulfuration in the CO+SO2 system. It means that the sulfuration of the catalyst can increase the activity resulting in rapid startup of the reaction. The SO2 and NO conversions are all above 99% over CeO2-NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst after sulfuration. At the same time, reaction mechanism is also initial inferred based on the experimental results and catalyst XRD analysis. Good desulfurization and denitrification effect over CeO2-NiO/γ-Al2O3 maybe the result of cooperation of COS intermediate phase and redox of CeO2.

Preparation and Property of Series of d-f Hetero-binuclear Luminescent Complexes

Preparation and Property of Series of d-f Hetero-binuclear Luminescent Complexes
　　】 Fifteen coordination complexes, including 12 d-f hetero-binuclear M-Ln complexes (M = Zn, Cd; Ln = Eu, Tb, Gd, Pr, Nd, Ho, Er, and Yb) and 3 homo-binuclear Ln-Ln complexes (Ln=Pr, Ho and Er), have been thermally synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. Their formulas are presented as following: EuCd(C8H7O3)5(phen)(H2O) (1) TbCd(C8H7O3)5(phen)(H2O) (2) GdCd(C8H7O3)5(phen)(H2O) (3) PrCd(C8H7O3)5(phen)(H2O) (4) NdCd(C8H7O3)5(phen)(H2O) (5) HoCd(C8H7O3)5(phen)(H2O) (6) ErCd(C8H7O3)5(phen)(H2O) (7) EuZn(C8H7O3)5(phen)(H2O) (8) TbZn(C8H7O3)5(phen)(H2O) (9) ErZn(C8H7O3)5(phen)(H2O) (10) YbZn(C8H7O3)5(phen)(H2O) (11) HoZn(C8H7O2)5(phen)(H2O) (12) Pr2(C7H4O2Cl)6(phen)2(H2O)2 (13) Ho2(C7H4O2Cl)6(phen)2 (14) Er2(C7H4O2Cl)6(phen)2 (15)The study on strong magnets luminescent property in the visible and NIR regions reveals that complexes (1) and (8) emit strong red light, complexes (2) and (9) emit strong green light, and the left complexes besides (13) emit weak fluorescence in the visible region; all the 15 complexes except (13)
　　show the characteristic emission of lanthanide ion in the NIR region.Compare and contrast the luminescence of d-f complexes and corresponding transition metal complexes (d complexes), the following rules are confirmed:(1) When the energy level of excited states between ligand and lanthanide ion is matching, the energy transferring between d block and f block in hetero-binuclear complexes is very efficient. This results in the strengthening of emission of f block and weakening of emission of d block, so much as quenching. That is to say, d block sensitize the emission of f block.(2) Although the lanthanide ion possesses abundant energy levels and which can matches the energy level of excited states of ligand, luminescence of the lanthanide ion in the NIR region leads to the weakening of its characteristic emission in the visible region and the strengthening of emission of d http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ block in the visible region. As a result, the emission of lanthanide ion in the visible region takes on zonal spectra, the sensitized action of d block is not obvious to the emission of f block(3) When the energy level of excited states between ligand and lanthanide ion is not matching (the energy level of excited states of lanthanide ion is much higher or lower), the energy transferring between d block and f block in hetero-binuclear complexes does not take place. So the characteristic emission of lanthanide ion is not observed in the visible region, however the emission of d block is strong, i.e., d block does not sensitize the emission of f block.In addition, the IR and UV-Vis-NIR of all complexes for the analysis and contrast of luminescent property are measured and analsized.

Ganoderma Lucidum In-depth Liquid Fermentation Process and Lanthanon Influence Research

Ganoderma Lucidum In-depth Liquid Fermentation Process and Lanthanon Influence Research
　　The Ganoderma lucidum is one of famous fungi for medicinal purpose in our country since the ancient times. The G. lucidum contains many kinds of physiological regulation factors which have the obvious function effect to the human body. G. lucidum polysaccharide is G. lucidum’s main active material which is the material base of G. lucidum giveing to play its effect.The technology of liquid in-depth fermentation belongs to one of modern biological technologies.In the last few years, there are more and more the research of G. lucidum by liquid in-depth fermentation. The people have done much beneficial study on the G. lucidum’s culture medium and the fermentation condition.Magnetic lifter  But there are different opinions about how to determine the best culture medium as well as to optimize the fermentation condition. At the same time,Lanthanon has been demonstrated its superiority in increasing the production, high quality, resistance and enhancing the economic efficiency when they are used in the edible fungus, which has the important significance to improve the growth condition of the edible fungus, and enhance its nutritional value. But the research work of the edible fungus is not sufficient and thorough, and there are few varieties of the edible fungus and Lanthanon in the research work. Using superiority of the rare earth is not yet developing completely.
　　The related application and the basic research work need to continues to enhance. In order to exert the superiority of Lanthanon resources in Ganzhou.This experiment has done the careful research on the optimization of the culture medium and fermentation condition and influence rule of Lanthanon.The effect of nutrient demands and environment conditions on the mycelial biomass and extracellular polysaccharide were studied respectively by single factor experiments and orthogonal test. The experimental results showed that the optimum formula of liquid culture medium is soluble starch 5%, soybean cake powder 5%, KH2PO40.10%, MgSO40.09%, and the fermentation conditions is as follow: initial pH 5.5~6.0,medium capacity 32%(80mL/250mL flask), rev of 150rpm, no dispersing agent, culture time 8d.Under optimizing culture medium and condition, this experiment plans to culture G. lucidum hypha by joining the different densities of Lanthanum Nitrate, Cerium Nitrate, Antiscorbutic Magnetic lifter Acid Lanthanum and Antiscorbutic Acid Cerium, in order to seek the best raise condition. This findings indicated:In liquid culture process, different density of Lanthanon have different effects on the mycelial biomass and the plysaccharide in its spore and and the total polysaccharide which have certain degree promoter among 50~300mg/L. The mycelial biomass enhances separately:36.03%, 55.24%, 64.48%, 76.58%, the polysaccharide in the G. lucidum spore is: 31.48%, 42.27%, 49.98%, 65.52%, and the total polysaccharide of G. lucidum is 24.73%、32.26%、30.95%、30.78%. But the effects of different density of the rare-earth elements on the extracellular polysaccharide are not very obvious.The experiment indicated suitable density of Lanthanon can enhance the G. lucidum the biomass and the quality(the plysaccharide).It is beneficial element of G. lucidum.

The Establishment of the Leaf Transgenic System of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge and the Molecular Cloning of the HMGR Gene 3’ Segment

The Establishment of the Leaf Transgenic System of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge and the Molecular Cloning of the HMGR Gene 3’ Segment
　　Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Dan-shen) is a famious traditional Chinese medicine in our country. Modern pharmacological and clinical studies have demonstrated that the roots of S. miltiorrhiza possess very effective activities for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Some compound drugs such as injection reagent、troche、capsule、pilula (which has applied for approvement by FDA as the therapeutic medicine 1997) mainly made of Dan-shen, were widely used to cure heart diseases, nephropathy, liver diseases, infection and so on. Whereas, some shortcomings including relative long growth period (more than two years), badly degenerate quality and high cost of production in traditional culture condition, limited the increasing market demanded for Special shape NdFeB magnets  Dan-shen. The development of modern biotechn- ology provides one of promising ways to shorten culture period, improve the content of active components and resolve the problem of Dan-shen resources by transferring genes involved in the active components biosynthetic pathway into S. miltiorrhiza and culturing transgenic cell lines,tissues or regenerated plants in a large scale.This, however, significantly relies upon the detailed understanding of the transgenic system and the grope of clone condition of the rate-limiting enzymes on the pathway for active medicine components biosynthesis.In this paper, in order to establish and optimize genetic transform system of S. miltiorrhiza, several experiments such as the effect of callus inducement and differentiation based on different parts of leaf from S. miltiorrhiza, the fluencing factors on the induction frequency of hairy roots, the culture condition on hairy roots and the accumulation of active medicine components in vitro, the condition on regenerated plants and the reaction condition on cloning of genes encoding the rate-limiting enzymes involved in the active medicine components biosynthetic pathway of S. miltiorrhiza,
　　were performed and the results were reported as follows:1) The regeneration system from leaf of S. miltiorrhiza was established. The results indicated that calli was induced with various frequency based on different parts of leaf and the highest callus inducement frequency could reach to 88.9% using the morphological underside of leaf as the explant followed by petiole with 80% and then morphological uperside of with 61.10%. Calli from different resoureces displayed various effects to shoot regeneration frequency and numbers among which calli induced from pestiole showed the highest differentiation frequency of 92.6% with the most average number of shoots reaching to 6.3. Compared to other three media (White, 1/2MS and MS), B5 was the most suitable medium to promote root regeneration. Adding some growth hormone to medium could improve the rooting frequence, average number of root and average length of root, and our results showed that the most suitable growth hormone was IBA with concentration of 1mg/L.2) The inducement condition of hairy roots from S. miltiorrhiza was optimized. The results indicated that remarkable difference was existent using different kinds of bacterium strains and explant types on hairy roots inducement. Compared with A4 and R1601,C58C1 showed much more inducement effect on hairy roots and used as in our subsequent experiment. Lamina was the most suitable explant among the three explants (lamina, petiole and stem) to induce hairy roots and Special shape NdFeB magnets the optimal duration of co-cultivation was about 3-4 days. Acetosyringo (As) of 400uM/L was the most beneficial to promote induct frequencies of hairy roots.3) The culture condition of hairy roots in vitro was investigated. The results indicated that 1/2MS was the as the most suitable culture medium and sucrose was the optimal carbon source. The growth of hairy roots in the medium containg inorganic ammonium salt as nitrogen source was significantly improved compared to that containg organic ammonia. Adding some growth hormone to medium could significantly accelerate the growth of hairy roots, among which 6-BA with the content of 0.5 mg/L exhibited higher promotion effect compared with other kinds of growth hormone.4) The effect of rare-earth element on pharmaceutical components in hairy roots of Dan-shen was determinated. The results indicated that the tanshinones content obviously increased and could reach to 1.800mg/g in the roots treated by rare-earth element with the concentration of 10mg/L, which increased 0.49 and 3.85 folds, respectively, compared with ordinary plant roots http://www.999magnet.com/ and hairy roots untreated. 5) The plantlet regeneration condition for hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza was examined.
　　The results indicated that different media showed notable difference on shoot differentiation from hairy roots of Dan-shen. Compared with the three other kinds of liquid medium, MS was the most suitable medium for shoot differentiation. The regeneration frequency of shoot could reach to 37.5% when hairy roots were cultured in MS liquid medium for 15 days.6) 3’-end of cDNA encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) was cloned from S. miltiorrhiza and analysed. The length of fragment isolated was 622bp and bioinformatics analysis results indicated this fragment was a 3’end of HMGR from S. miltiorrhiza.In summary, a high frequency regeneration system from leaf of S. miltiorrhiza was successfully established, which provided technical support for genetic improvement of S. miltiorrhiza using Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transform- ation method. Different factors such as A. rhizogenes strains, explants type, and various concentration of bacterium infected, duration of co-cultivation and acetosyringe(As), were investigated for their influence on hairy Special shape NdFeB magnets root induction from S. miltiorrhiza, which provided another candidate approach for genetic improvement of S. miltiorrhiza. The in vitro culture conditions of hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were optimized, which was useful to produce pharmaceutical components of S. miltiorrhiza by ferment culcture technique in large scale. In addition, 3’end of HMGR was cloned from S. miltiorrhiza and the cloning of full-length cDNA was in process, which served the initiation step to molecular regulate pharmaceutical components biosynthetic pathway in the furture.

Y2-xErxMo4O15与Y2-xSmxW3O12系列复合氧化物材料的合成、结构表征和负热膨胀性能研究

Y2-xErxMo4O15与Y2-xSmxW3O12系列复合氧化物材料的合成、结构表征和负热膨胀性能研究
　　To search for more negative thermal expansion(NTE) materials, better understand mechanisms of NTE and study their physical properties, new series of rare earth compounds Y2-xErxMo4O15 and Y2-xSmxW3O12 were prepared successfully by the conventional solid state reaction technique. Their structures, thermal expansion properties and other physical properties were studied systematically by ambient X-ray diffraction, high temperature X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis etc. The main research contents and results are as follows:(1) A new series of rare earth compounds Y2-xErxMo4O15(x=0.0-2.0) were prepared successfully. Their structures have been studied using powder X-ray diffraction(XRD) and were found to have the topological similarity to the structures of typical NTE materials ZrW2O8 and ZrV2O7. The lattice parameters a, b, e,βand the unit cell volume V decrease linearly with increasing Er content. Thermal expansion properties have been investigated Segment neodymium magnets by high-temperature X-ray diffraction.
　　The results indicate that the compounds of this series have similar normal positive thermal expansion behavior. According to the analysis of diffraction data, the common edge O14-O23 should be the main resistance for NTE behavior and the weak bond M02-O14 should be responsible for the positive thermal expansion in these compounds. By comparison, the effect of band W1-O3 in ZrW2O8 is discussed. As a result, a possible model for the phase transition of ZrW2O8 is put forward.(2) A new series of rare earth solid solutions Y2-xSmxW3O12(x=0.0-0.4) were synthesized successfully and studied by means of powder X-ray diffraction. All samples crystallize in an orthorhombic space group Pnca. The lattice parameters a, b, c and unit-cell volume V of Y2-xSmxW3O12 increase monotonically with increasing Sm content. The structure of pure Sm2W3O12 was also studied by powder X-ray diffraction. The hygroscopic property of Y2-xSmxW3O12 at room temperature was studied by TG analysis and high temperature X-ray diffraction. The role of water molecules, in determining the change of crystal structures and thermal expansion behavior has been discussed. The thermal http://www.999magnet.com/ expansion behavior of the Y2-xSmxW3O12 compositions has been studied by high temperature X-ray diffraction. In the studied temperature range, 200-600℃, the compounds of this series show strong negative thermal expansion along all three axes(a, b and c). By adjusting the Sm content in Y2-xSmxW3O12, compounds with variable thermal expansion coefficient can be prepared. The prepared compound becomes less pronounced in negative thermal expansion and stores less water content with increasing Sm content at room temperature. The effect of the intermingle of Sm content has been speculated in this paper.

Study of Transformation Behavior of La～(3+)/Ce～(3+)-Doped TiO2/ZnO Gels

Study of Transformation Behavior of La～(3+)/Ce～(3+)-Doped TiO2/ZnO Gels
　　Different contents of Zn2+-doped titania gels and different contents of rare earth La3+/Ce3+-doped TiO2/ZnO compound gels were prepared by the sol-gel method. The effects of Zn2+-doping and La3+/Ce3+-doping on transformations of gels to anatase and anatase to rutile, as well as the crystal granularity were characterized by using techniques such as TG-DTA and XRD.Experimental results show that the transformation of gels to annatase of pure TiO2 occurs at about 400℃, and anatase to tutile occurs at about 500℃; Zn2+-doping can effectively depress the phase Magnetic lifter transformations of gels to anatase and anatase to rutile, enhancing the transition temperatures and sufficiently inhibiting the growth of anatase crystals. For the TiO2/ZnO compound gels,
　　Ce3+-doping can accelerate the phase transformations of gels to anatase, but depress the phase transformation of anatase to rutile and sufficiently inhibit the growth of anatase crystal obtaining nanocrystals. La3+-doping also accelerate the phase transformations of gels to anatase, but depress the phase transformation of anatase to rutile at 500℃and 600℃, and the transformation temperature of anatase to rutile is first enhanced and then depressed at 700℃, indicating that different contents of RE ion-doping make different influence to transformations of TiO2/ZnO http://www.999magnet.com/ compound gel.There are two effects of RE-doping on TiO2 growth and transformation. Less RE ion doping can enter TiO2 crystal lattice and form oxygen vacancy, so that it is benefit to TiO2 growth and transformation; but more RE ion doping can enter TiO2 crystal lattice making distortion of the lattice, and the distortion energy can depress transformation. On the other hand, more doping makes the RE oxide cover TiO2 grains so it depresses the growth and transformation of TiO2 grains, and increase crystal grain size. Therefor, different contents of RE ion-doping can take different influence to TiO2 phase transformations.