Design Analysis and Test Method for Permanent Magnet(PM) DC Motor Based on the Finite Element Method(FEM)

　　Design Analysis and Test Method for Permanent Magnet(PM) DC Motor Based on the Finite Element Method(FEM)
　　Permanent Magnet(PM) DC motor is used on vehicle broadly. Design of motor will affect comfortable performance of vehicle.From the basic motor and electromagnetic field theory, the performance and parameters of PM DC motors are investigated using neodymium magnets Finite Element Method(FEM) analysis. It is useful for solution of noise and EMC. The research work is very important.Electromagnetic field analysis method and model is introduced.Analysis examples with FEM software which named Infolytica Magnet.Design different thickness magnet of motor, get magnetic field chart and gap wave which had been improved. And then analysis gap density wave of brush movement,to reduce electric magnet noise.Finally, by using noise chamber and frequency http://www.chinamagnets.biz analysis equipment,validate magnet optimization.And by using EMC test, know brush movement is good.The application in product had favourable effect.

Research about Servo System with Three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on DSP

　　Research about Servo System with Three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on DSP
　　For along time, because of the non-linearity, time-variety and heavy-coupling of the variable, it is difficult to control and change the rotate speed of the Alternating Current(AC) motor with variety of the frequency, Direct Current motor was used as the most important drive equipment in the much electric drive domain. The problem of the AC motor was solved with the Block neodymium magnet appearance of the vector control theory in Germany in1970s. By the advancement of the technology in motor making, electric power and electron, microprocessor, especially lots of the new high-power electron elements, all of which become the physical foundation of the AC timing control system. Based on the itself characteristic, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine(PMSM) will be the first drive equipment to orientate exactly and drive low-power machine.The mainly contents of this dissertation include the vector control theory, hardware and software of a PMSM AC control http://www.chinamagnets.biz system and the emulating with the Matlab/Simulink. In this dissertation, we design the hardware system of the AC control system with the control chip:TMS320F2812 of the TI company and educe the circuit diagram of the control system; design the software system of the AC control system with the CCS2000 of the TI company and educe the soft flow charts and the key programme. Emulate the AC control system with the Matlab/Simulink in order to validate the correctness and feasibility of the control arithmetic and system’s configuration.

Research on Servo System for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

　　Research on Servo System for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
　　Servo technology is an important branch of automation and industry production. With the amazing development of power electronics technique, microelectronics technique, sensor technique, and especially the successful application of advanced control theories, AC servo system has achieved the great progress. Due to its high efficiency, high torque current ratio and low inertia, Ball Neodymium Magnets Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is the most adaptive executing machine for AC servo system. In this technical background, an AC speed servo system which adopts Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and TMS320F2812 DSP of TI as controller is researched.Firstly, this thesis summarizes and analyzes the evolution, the status quo, the prospect of AC servo system. Afterwards the mathematic model of PMSM and the vector control theory based on Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) of AC speed servo system is analyzed. And finally the thesis introduces the software and the hardware design scheme of AC speed servo system, which adopts PMSM. http://www.chinamagnets.biz   The main loop circuit, the micro-controller, the sampling circuit, and the hardware protect circuit are introduced in hardware design. In software design, the thesis expounds the idea of program design, it also introduces main program , interrupt program and sub-program with given function. The sub-programs include SVPWM sub-program, current sampling sub-program, position and speed measurement sub-program.Finally, the system is simulated in Matlab/Simulink. The simulating results indicate that the system possesses excellent dynamic and static performance, meeting the requirement of servo system.

Research on Optimization Design of Permanent Magnetic Actuator for Vacuum Circuit Breaker

　　Research on Optimization Design of Permanent Magnetic Actuator for Vacuum Circuit Breaker
　　Due to the relatively small number of mechanical parts, high reliability, less maintenance, the perfect match with the vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) and many other advantages, permanent magnetic (PM) actuator draws great attention from countries all over the world.The significance and purpose of the PM actuator optimization design is introduced in the beginning of this paper, and then the development of optimization method, PM actuator and inverse problem of Ring neodymium magnet electromagnetic field are discussed. In the part of optimization method, the improvement project of simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) is brought forward, in which combine SAA with Genetic
　　Algorithms (GA) and added the idea of niche, come out a Niched Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithms (NGSA), testing and comparing is done to prove its high ability of optimize through the calculation of some universal functions. In the part of electromagnetic field calculation, the static and dynamic models of the non-linear magnetic field calculation for PM actuator under the two different excitation circuits are set up based on the theory of finite element, and boundary conditions are confirmed. In addition, permanent magnet is simulated with surface current method. Numerical calculating method in this paper is expatiated. In the part of dynamic computing of PM actuator, the kinematic equation to solving current i is given in order to avoid reiteration in the solving of magnetic linkage Ψ, and according the course of movement on PM actuator, it is divided into two http://www.chinamagnets.biz different phases to be solved using the four-order Runge-Kutta method. Using the NGSA to optimize a 40.5kV cylindrical bi-stable PM actuator, a multiobjective mathematical optimization model whose objective functions are the cumulative volume of PM actuator and the volume of permanent magnet is set up, choose appropriate optimize variables and constraint conditions. From the result, it can be seen clearly that both cumulative volume and the cost of the PM actuator are greatly reduced. A dynamic simulation of the optimum result is done, and a new model machine is developed. The testing of VCB with the new model machine after optimized is done, and itshows that the performance index of VCB is satisfied, so both the feasibility of the optimization method and the result of the optimization are verified.

Study on Magnetic Ruler Embedded Permanent Magnets with Data Display Instrument

　　Study on Magnetic Ruler Embedded Permanent Magnets with Data Display Instrument
　　Making a periodic recording on magnetic tape by specific equipment is a traditional method of producing a magnetic ruler. This kind of magnetic ruler has the disadvantages that its magnetic field intensity is quite low and the magnetic signal is easy to attenuate. In order to get the magnetic signals, the magnetic header should be placed closely to the ruler. Because of the quite small distance between the ruler and header, the header can not avoid rubbing out the magnetic signals directly or indirectly. Magnetic ruler embedded with permanent magnetic overcomes disadvantages strong magnets above and has better anti-jamming capability. This application is expected to have a good future.
　　The main contents of the research in this dissertation are as follows:Mechanic structures of the magnetic ruler and the header are designed and the measurement principle of the device is expounded. Magnetic characteristic of the magnetic ruler is analyzed with ANSYS, which is a kind of finite element analysis software. The facts which reduce the measurement precision of the magnetic ruler are also considered.Forward section signal process circuit is designed according to the characteristics of liner Hall sensor. The highest process frequency of this circuit is computed in theory. The validity of the signal of the magnetic ruler is proved by experiment.Data display instrument with 100 subdivisions for the magnetic ruler basing on frequency discrimination is designed. The RC oscillator, band-pass filter, subdivision and counting circuit and LED drive circuit are designed for the data display instrument. The singlechip programs are completed in C51 language. Frequency discrimination http://www.chinamagnets.biz circuit is simulated with Multisim software. An improved method for this data display instrument is presented.Data display instrument with A/D converter is designed. A subdivision counting method which is combined a programmable logic device based major subdivision and an A/D converter based minor subdivision is proposed. The cumulative error correction method of major and minor subdivision is discussed. The performance parameters of this instrument are analyzed according to the characteristics of the hardware. Serial interface between the data display instrument and computer is designed. User Interface of communication program is programmed on computer. Experiment has proved that the magnetic ruler with its data display instrument has high accuracy. The data display instrument also has a good performance in dealing with the signal of raster sensor and can be applied in general displacement sensors.

Handling of Abnormal Magnetization in the Design of Permanent Magnet Mechanism with High Field

　　Handling of Abnormal Magnetization in the Design of Permanent Magnet Mechanism with High Field
　　Sintered Nd-Fe-B which has excellent properties can be used to product high field permanent magnetic mechanism. There is a kind of special permanent magneticmechanism--high field magic ring which is made up of permanent magnet segments withdifferent magnetization directions. A magnetic flux density level several times as much as the remanence of permanent magnet material can be achieved if we design the magic ring properly.However, abnormal magnetization including local saturation, local demagnetization and rotational magnetization occur in the assembly process of high field permanent magnetic mechanism, which result in operating point of the material move in all the four quadrants, so accurate design of high field permanent magnet mechanism is very difficulty. Though Block Neodymium magnets some foreign researchers producted some mechanisms which flux densities reached 4-5T, the theoretical values were greater than the actual results evidently, because abnormal magnetization were not considered comprehensively. We can’t design expected permanent magnet mechanism if simulation abnormal magnetization unaccuratlly in finite element analysis. But certain vector hysteresis models which can simulation rotational magnetization were related to magnetic recording mediums or soft magnetic materials, otherwise, the varying pattern referred was circularly or elliptically rotational field, which is different from the arbitrary magnetization pattern, and the application of these models were very complicated.
　　The information about rotational magnetization of hard magnetic material in the condition of high field which is chage arbitrarily is very little.Based on analysising microstructure and microscopic mechanism of magnetization and demagnetization of sintered Nd-Fe-B, a 2D simplified vector Preisach model is presented in this paper. Using this vector Preisach model in finite element analysis, abnormal magnetization occur in the assembly process of high field permanent magnetic mechanism are considered comprehensively. The method only requires the data of limiting magnetic hysteresis loops of the material along easy and hard axis, so the application of vector Preisach model become http://www.999magnet.com convernient and efficient.Combining the vector Preisach hysteresis model and finite element analysis, a dynamic magnetic field analysis is implemented for a new magic ring in the process of assembling.A series of methods such as adding soft magnetic material, adjusting magnetization directions, utilizating two grades permanent magnet materials and replacing anti-magnetic shell to magnetic shielded shell are adopted in the new magic ring. Furhtermore, dimensions of every part and certain directions of magnetization are optimized by method of exhaustion and orthogonal testing method. All these methods can reduce local saturation and local demagnetization to enhance magnetic strength in air cavity of magic ring.Finally, after the model is completed and measured, the magnetic field strength is 4.10 T and is smaller than the results of expectation. The error is effect of assembly process, machining precision, material performance and measurement etc. The model verifies reasonablity of the construction of magic ring and validity of the optimization method. The proposed method provides a theoretical foundation for the design of high field permanent magnetic mechanism.

Research on Double-side Permanent Magnet Linear DC Motor with a Magneto-Rheological Damper

　　Research on Double-side Permanent Magnet Linear DC Motor with a Magneto-Rheological Damper
　　Linear motors have a wide application future in precision equipments. Compared to the brush DC rotary motors, linear DC motors (LDM) needn’t commutate while driving in a direction, and with simple and linear electromagnetic force model, LDM is more suitable for high speed and precision driven occasions. Combined the traditional linear DC motor with the characteristics of magnetic circuits in CT equipment, we developed a new type double-side permanent magnet LDM. neodymium magnets The electromagnetic field in the gaps was analyzed and tested here, which was proved consistent with the FEA.Driven by electromagnetic force directly and lack of damped chain, sudden changes in acceleration and external disturbances transmit to linear motor without attenuation,
　　which will prolong the transition, cause vibratory and overshoot, and limit the precisions. In this paper we studied a Magneto-Rheological damper (MRD), which was used to enhance the stability. We explored the preparation of Magneto-Rheological fluid with fluidized bed and optimized the structure of Magneto-Rheological damper with ANSYS optimum design and simulated the forward dynamic model with BP neural Network trained by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to solve the nonlinear dynamic models.A testing platform integrated with LDM and Magneto-Rheological damper above was designed here and controlled by a double closed loop speed servo digital control system designed by the indirect engineering methods. The control system was constructed here and its hardware and program were also discussed on details. The parameters related to the control system were tested to determine the transfer functions before experiments. The current closed loops of the coil of the LDM and the damper were designed with digital PID and fuzzy algorithms, and the experiments contrast http://www.chinamagnets.biz showed that the fuzzy controller was more robust and fewer ripples in the output of controller and current of coils than the PID controller, but the PID controller was faster. A finite state machine in Verilog quadrupled the frequency of the raster output signals, which was used to detect the position and speed of the mover to make a closed loop. A PI controller with a differential negative speed feedback was applied into the speed closed loop to eliminate the overshoot.Some theoretical and practical achievements were obtained through deeply researching the operating principle, mathematical model, control algorithm and strategy, design and implementation of the servo control system, which made a foundation for the further research and development.

Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

　　Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
　　The intelligent control based on neural network offers an effective control method for high-performance AC drive systems. Therefore the combination of intelligent control and vector control has become a hotspot. Thus, the study of the sensorless control method based on neural network for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM)has important theory and practical meanings.In this thesis, A diagonal recurrent neural networks(DRNN)controller is introduced on the neodymium magnets basis of model observer. The controller solves model observer approach relying on mechanical parameters of machine excessively. A sensorless vector control strategy of PMSM based on DRNN is proposed. The mathematics model of PMSM which is analyzed in chapter 2 is built up, the simulation model of vector control system with space voltage pulse width modulate(SVPWM)is built up. First, the thesis dissertates on the principles of vector control system to sensorless operation of PMSM, then DRNN observer is analyzed in details. DRNN controller is integrated into sensorless operation of PMSM. According to the mathematical models of PMSM, the d- and q-axis current components are estimated to feed back, which can adjust the weight of DRNN to realize earning and adjusting on line. The http://www.chinamagnets.biz simulation in the environment of MATLAB shows that this method has good motor rotor position tracking and speed tracking performances. Moreover, the ability of anti-disturbance of load is the remarkable feature of this system, and the control performance is pretty good. It is shown that the proposed system can satisfy the fast dynamic response and accurate speed or torque control and strong robustness.

The Source Apportionment of PM10 in Chongqing City

　　The Source Apportionment of PM10 in Chongqing City
　　PM10 is an important index for atmospheric environmental quality; also PM10 is harm for human health. So ascertain the source and contribution of PM10 is a good significance for making the controlled methods.The samples of PM10 were collected in April and November 2006 at Yuzhong, Jiangbei, Nanan, Shangbingba, Yubei, Dadukou, Jiulongpo, Banan, Beibei 9 sampling sites of Chongqing urban and Jinyunshan site for compared, and analyzed for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), inorganic elements, water-solubility ions and the concentration of PM10. Seven source of PM10 were confirmed: road dust, construction dust, coal smoke dust, cement dust,rare earth magnets  steel dust, mobile exhaust gas, and second particle and then analyze the chemical component of them. At last, the chemical mass balance model (CMB) was used for the source apportionment of PM10 in Chongqing city. The main conclusion is as follow:The concentration of PM10 during the sampling in spring and autumn is 0.211 mg/m3 and 0.280mg/m3 respectively. The highest concentration of PM10 in Dadukou district, the value is 0.312 mg/m3, the lowest concentration of PM10 in Jinyunshan district, the value is 0.111 mg/m3. The order of concentration from high to low is Dadukou, Shapingba, Jiangbei,
　　Jiulongpo, Banan, Yuzhong, Nanan, Beibei, Yubei, and Jinyunshan.The inorganic elements are divided to earth elements and pollution related elements. As the result of analyses, the concentration of Si is the most highest in earth elements, the value is 7896.2μg/m3 and the concentration of S is the most highest in pollution related elements, the value is 11390.8μg/m3. In spatial distribution, the concentration of pollution related elements are higher in Jiangbei, Shapingba, Dadukou, Jiulongpo, and Yuzhong and in temporal distribution; the value in autumn is higher. The enrichment factors of S, Se, Br, and Pb are more serious.During the sampling the concentration of OC and EC is 55.08μg/m3 and 7.64μg/m3 respectively. The OC concentration is higher in autumn and the EC concentration variety rule is not distinctness. In the district of Jiulongpo, Dadukou, Jiangbei, Shapingba and http://www.chinamagnets.biz  Yuzhong have the high value of EC and OC The pollution character and relativity analyses display the secondary organic carbon serious pollution of OC and EC in PM10, especially in autumn.The concentration of NH4+ and Ca2+ are higher in the cation, the value is 13.65μg/m3 and 9.47μg/m3 respectively. The concentration of SO42- and NO3- are higher in the anion, the value is 60.84μg/m3 and 13.93μg/m3 respectively. In the district of Dadukou, Nanan, Jiulongpo, Beibei, Yuzhong the concentration of water-solubility ions are higher. In spring the cation is more than anion, and the PM10 show neutral, in autumn the anion is more, and the PM10 show acidity. The relativity of Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, NO3- and SO42- are well than NH4+, Cl-, and F-.The mostly source of PM10 in Chongqing city is road dust, construction dust, coal smoke dust, cement dust, steel dust, mobile exhaust gas, and secondary particle, and the contribution is 20.48%, 11.03%, 3.73%, 8.58%, 3.74%, 21.64% and 22.20% respectively. The part of incertitude is 8.63%.

Studies on Fabrication and Properties of ZA22/SiC_p Composite Foams

　　Studies on Fabrication and Properties of ZA22/SiC_p Composite Foams
　　The metal foams are kinds of structural and functional materials. Recently, the researches about metal foams are very active. It is not only a part of porous materials, but also a hot point in the field of the development of new material. Zn-Al alloy foams and Zn-Al alloy composite foams have good mechanical properties and high damping ability. Currently, only a small amount of researches for the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of ZA22 foams were carried out, and the effects of rare earth elements on the structures and damping properties of ZA22 foams were studied. It was not reported that the research of SiC particle reinforced Zn-Al composite close foams and the relationship between SiCp and ZA22/SiCp composite foams. Researching on the Zn-Al alloy foams and SiC particle reinforced composite foams will broaden the field of metal foams production and Neodymium Magnets application.
　　Based on the insufficiencies of the researches on SiC particle reinforced Zn-Al composite foams, the following researches were carried out in this dissertation:Firstly, SiC particle reinforced ZA22 composite foams were successfully fabricated by the direct foaming of the melt with CaCO3 for blowing agent. The effects of the foaming temperature on the fabrication of foams were systemically analyzed.Secondly, through test quasi-static and dynamic compression, the effects of SiC particle size and volume fraction on the mechanical properties of ZA22/SiCp composite foams were firstly performed. The results show that in the process of compression, the strain-stress curve of ZA22/SiCp composite foams was the same as ZA22 foams. It contains three distinct stages: elastic stage, plastic platform stage and dense stage. However, the addition of SiCp changes the original deformation mechanism. The mechanical response is more complex, and the platform has a big fluctuation. Because of the role of stress concentration, the stress-strain curve appears obvious stress peak. Whether a static http://www.999magnet.com load or dynamic load, the yield stress and the energy absorption of ZA22/SiCp composite foams increase with increasing the relative density and volume fraction of SiC particle and decreasing the size of SiC particles. The yield stress and platform stress increase with increasing strain rate under dynamic load. This paper also establishes the relationship between relative stress and relative density in the static load, and the experimental results are consistent with Gibson and Ashby model.Finally, the damping property of ZA22/SiCp composite foams at room temperature is better than that of ZA22 foams. The reason is the contribution of the interfaces between SiCp and matrix material and the high density dislocation. The loss factor of ZA22/SiCp composite foams increases with the decrease of relative density and size of SiCp and the increase of volume fraction of SiCp.

The Material Composition and Tectonic Evolution of Majiajie Group in Jiamusi Block

　　The Material Composition and Tectonic Evolution of Majiajie Group in Jiamusi Block
　　Majiajie group which exposed in central Huanan region, Jiamusi block, is mainly a set of metamorphic rocks with contact metamorphic characteristics. Previous researchers considered it as an integral part of Jiamusi block, one of the three main metamorphic sets exposed in the block (Mashan Group, Heilongjiang group and Majiajie group). However, the distribution of Majiajie group is limited, and the metamorphism type is significantly different from the Mashan granulite Group and the Heilongjiang blue schist group. Therefore, the latter two have been the focus of research and the former one was studied on low level.In recent years, studies on the composition and evolution of the Jiamusi block have been made in great progress, mainly in three aspects.①propose the so-called Heilongjiang Group is not a normal metamorphic formation, but a set of the structure mélange with ophiolite remaining. (Xing-Zhou Zhang, 1992; Jin-Yi Li, 1999; Caoxi, 1992).②zircon date testing results show that metamorphic times of Mashan Group in granulite face is not Archean or early Proterozoic, but early Ring neodymium magnet Paleozoic, 520 Ma(Wilde et.at.2001).③it is traditionally considered that granite rocks in Jiamusi block were formed in Precambrian, but new research shows most of which are formed in late Proterozoic (Sun and Wu have yuan, 2001).The above progresses have put forward a crucial issue that Jiamusi block may not be a consolidation unit in Precambrian, as it was still in strong tectionic activities in Phanerozoic.
　　In this view, the topic of this paper is Majiajie group with the field geological investigation and indoor analysis, so as to understand the metamorphic characteristics and the formation times of Majiajie group, and reveal its geological significance by comprehensive comparison with Mashan group and Heilongjiang group, and provide further evidences for understanding the tectonic properties and evolution of Jiamusi block in-depth.In this paper, aimed at the above problems and based on collection and analysis of previous results, the field work on Huanan and the surrounding areas was engaged from July to September in 2007. Systematically inspected the rock assemblages and occurrences of the Majiajie group and the surrounding rocks, collected rock samples for analysis and testing, and studied the above problems by methods of structural geology, petrology, isotopic chronology and http://www.chinamagnets.biz genetic mineralogy separately.By the field geological work and thin section examination indoor, the Majiajie Group contact metamorphic rocks can be divided into the four metamorphic mineral zones, zircon ages is obtained by zircon date testing on the underlying granite gneiss and the western margin of Meizuo intrusive rock, separately 504 Ma, 260Ma, which confine the original rock formation age of Majiajie group. It is identified by rock geochemistry analysis that the original rock in Majiajie group may be the re-sediments resulted from weathering and erosion of the silt rocks on the top the Mashan group, the source region has the same characteristics with the young continental crust in post-Archean, source district type is mainly the mainland island arc, with characteristics of stable continental margin. According to the fact that Mashan group metamorphism times is 500 Ma and contact metamorphism times is 260 Ma, with the comparability of Majiajie Group and the Late Paleozoic sediments, it is determined that the original rock times is lower late Paleozoic.

Chronology and Geochemistry of Mesozoic Volcanic Rocks in Southeastern Songliao Basin

　　Chronology and Geochemistry of Mesozoic Volcanic Rocks in Southeastern Songliao Basin
　　In recent years,with the discovering and exploiting of the natural gas in the volcanic rocks from Songliao Basin,the volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin have arose large attention. Although some scholars have investigated the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin detailedly,the chronology and stratum contrast of the volcanic rocks still has diverges,the tectonic setting of Songliao Basin still has disputes.The thesis through the study of chronology,geochemistry and Hf isotope of zircon,in order to discuss the timing and crust source of the volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin.1 Chronology of the volcanic rocksZircon U-Pb isotopic chronology is tested for the dacite(GW04-555)and the rhyolite(GW04-5-2、GW04-5-5) from Yingcheng formation using the method of LA-ICPMS.The sample GW04-5-2 is collected in Jiutai ,206Pb/238U age is 117.6±0.5Ma,the sample GW04-5-5 is also collected in Jiutai,206Pb/238U age is 106.0±1.6Ma,the sample GW04-555 is collected in Jingyue,206Pb/238U age is 119.90±0.9Ma.2 Petrology and geochemistry of the volcanic rocksThe volcanic rocks in Block Neodymium magnets southeastern Songliao Basin belong to sub-alkaline series on the total alkali-silica diagram and show the evolution trend of calc-alkaline series.The SiO2 contents of the rhyolite in Jiutai range from 73.99% to 81.29%,Al2O3 contents range from 9.32% to 13.75%,the contents of alkali,K (average 6.91%)and Na (average 2.17%)are high,K2O/Na2O average ratios 3.86%.The contents of MgO(0.01%0.16%),CaO(0.05%0.52%)and TFe2O3(0.04%0.26%) are low.NK/A is 0.850.93,ACNK is 1.051.11.∑REE abundances range from 70.17μg/g to 110.66μg/g ,LREE/HREE average ratios 5.75,(La/Yb)N average ratios 5.25.δEu is 0.080.10,it has obvious negative Eu anomaly.The chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern is slightly right V-type incline,is charactered by low Ba,Sr and high Rb/Sr ratio,HFSE(e.g. Zr、Nb、P、Ti)contents are low.On the primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram,the obvious low elements are Ba,Sr,P,Ti,the elements of Rb,Th,U,K are comparatively rich.The SiO2 contents of the dacite in Shibeiling range from 62.90% to 63.67%,Al2O3 contents range from 16.75% to 18.35%,the contents of MgO,CaO and TFe2O3 are 0.01%0.16%,0.05%0.52%,0.04%0.26%.The contents of K and Na are 4.21%4.70% and 2.40%2.81%,Na2O/K2O average ratios 1.73.NK/A is 0.560.61 , ACNK is 0.931.08.∑REE abundances range from 90.33μg/g to 99.71μg/g,LREE/HREE average ratios 10.38,(La/Yb)N average ratios 14.42,there is no negative Eu anomaly.The chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern is LREE enrichment incline,the rocks abundant in Sr,the Y,Yb contents are low,Sr/Y ratios is 70.56.On the primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram,the HFSE(e.g. Ta,Nb,Yb,Ti)are comparatively low,the LILE(e.g. Ba,Sr,P,Ti)are rich. 3 Hf isotope of the volcanic rocksThe 176Hf/177Hf ratios of the three samples in Songliao Basin are comparatively high,the average results are 0.282959±0.000026,0.282952±0.000018 and 0.282925±0.000028.εHf(t)average contents are 8.92±0.92,8.47±0.65 and 8.00±10.The model ages of the samples are young,centre at 490-575Ma.The zircon in the Mesozoic rocks have plusεH(ft)results,the model ages of Hf isotope centre at early Paleozoic.This indicates that the source of the rocks is the new crust which growth from the depleted mantle in early Paleozoic,they melted in Mesozoic and formed the rocks.4 The magmatic source of the volcanic rocksThe volcanic rocks are usually used as the probe of deep lithosphere,their Hf isotope can judge the characters in magmatic source.The two kinds of samples in this thesis have identical 176Hf/177Hf ratios andεHf(t)results,this reflects that all the volcanic rocks have alike magmatic source,and the difference between the geochemistry elements,especially the Sr,Yb and Sr-SiO2 diagram indicates the diversity between the rocks is http://www.999magnet.com not the results of crystallization differentiation function.Therefore,the formation mechanism of the two kinds of rocks is that they had the same magmatic source,but the depth was different.In early Cretaceous,the rocks in different depth of the crust melted,and formed different types of magma.The adakite rocks with high Sr and low Yb in Shibeiling formed in the lower crust with high pressure,and the I-type rhyolite with low Sr and high Yb in Jiutai formed in the mid crust with low pressure,these magma which came from the different depth erupted into the surface and formed different kinds of rocks.5 The tectonic setting of the volcanic rocksThe volcanic rocks in southeastern Songliao Basin are riched in LREE and LILF,the HFSE are comparatively lo,have the post-collision characters.
　　The early Cretaceous magmatic function in northeastern China behaved the magmatic movement of extension setting,represented by the appearance of bimodal volcanic rocks and A-type granites.In the post-collisional period of orogenics,the thickened lithosphere mantle delaminated for high density,the tectonic system changed from collapse to extension.In this context,asthenospher mantle went up,or the underplating function of basaltic magma heated the lower crust,leaded to the mafic rocks in the lower crust partial melted,these created favorable condition for the adakite and the I-type rhyolite.The study of the geochemical characteristics of the volcanic rocks in southeastern Songliao Basin,combined with the general geology situation,indicated the tectonic setting in southeastern Songliao Basin was post-collisional condition of orogenics.6 The restricting of crustal growth in Xing’anling-Mongolian Orogenic BeltThe Xing’anling-Mongolian Orogenic Belt(XMOB)had large-scale crustal growth in Phanerozoic,base on the analysis of Hf isotope,the dominating growth time was Paleozoic,and the primary function of growth was the mantle substance entered into the crust with the manner of underplating function.The Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Great Xing’an Range had two different magmatic source at least,the enriched mantle source and the young crust source.Because the XMOB had the characters of excessive blocks and evolvement phases,the Hegenshan-Heihe suture zone was an important border http://www.999magnet.com of XMOB,the close time of the suture zone was late Paleozoic,and oceanic crust began to subduction from south to north in 330Ma,it reflected that the oceanic crust subduction in late Paleozoic caused the formation of enriched mantle.In the process of subduction and subtraction of oceanic crust,the mantle wedge formed enriched mantle-the source of basalts in Mesozoic-through the metasomatism of oceanic crustal melt or fluid,the mafic magma came from the partial melting of mantle wedge underplated the lower crust and formed the source of granites and acidic volcanic rocks.Therefore,the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean in late Paleozoic was the significant reason for the formation of the enriched mantle source in Mesozoic in Great Xing’an Range and the large-scale crustal growth in Phanerozoic in the Xing’anling-Mongolian Orogenic Belt.

Studies on the Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of Complexes of Three Types of Disphosphonic Acid

　　Studies on the Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of Complexes of Three Types of Disphosphonic Acid
　　In this dissertation, nine new coordination complexes of three types of disphosphonic acid have been synthesized by the liquid method or hydrothermal method. They were studied by IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The thermogravimetric analyses of complexes (1), and (5) were studied, and the magnetic analyses of complex (2), (3) and (5) was also studied.There are three chapters in this dissertation:Chart one: The complexes of {La[H2N(CH2)3CO(PO3)2·(H2O)]}n (1), {Pr[H3N(CH2)3- C(OH)(PO3)2]}n (2), {Sm[H3N(CH2)3C(OH)(PO3)2]}n (3), {Gd[H3N(CH2)3C(OH)(PO3)2]}n (4), {Mn[H3N(CH2)3CO(PO3)2]·H2O}n (5). were obtained by the reaction of 4-Amino-1- hydroxybutylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonic acid and corresponding metallic salts. The crystals of (1)～(4) belong to orthorhombic system and (5) belongs to monclinic system, space groups are P2(1)2(1)2(1)、Pnma、Pnma、Pnma、P2(1)/n. Cell parameters Segment neodymium magnets of (1): a = 10.8617(8) nm, b = 10.862 nm, c = 8.5392(6) nm, V = 1007(10) nm3, Z = 4, Dc = 2.644 g.cm-3. The centeral metal ion La(III) is eight-coordinated by four ligend anions and one water, formed a distorted square antiprismatic coordination polyhederon. Cell parameters of (2): a = 10.6763(11) nm, b = 8.4245(8) nm, c = 10.2980(10) nm, V = 926.23(16) nm3, Z = 4, Dc = 2.775 g.cm-3; Cell parameters of (3): a = 10.6160(10) nm, b = 8.3900(9) nm, c = 10.1530(11) nm, V = 904.31(16) nm3, Z = 4, Dc = 2.912 g.cm-3; Cell parameters of (4): a = 10.6160(10) nm, b = 8.3900(9) nm, c = 10.1530(11) nm, V = 904.31(16) nm3, Z = 4, Dc = 2.912 g.cm-3. The centeral metal ion Ln(III) is seven-coordinated by four ligend anions, formed a distorted single-capped trigonal-antiprismatic geometry. Cell parameters of (5): a = 5.6148(3) nm, b = 14.6644(8) nm, c = 12.3835(7) nm,β= 98.252(3)°, V = 1009.07(10) nm3, Z = 4, Dc = 2.093 g.cm-3. The centeral metal ion Mn(II) is six coordinated by three ligand anions, formed a distorted octahedron geometry. The complex forms three-dimensional network structure by intermolecule hydrogen bonding.Chart two:
　　The complexes of {Mn[H3N(CH2)2C(OH)(PO3H)2]2·2H2O}n (6), {Ca[H3N- (CH2)2C(OH)(PO3)(PO3-H)·(H2O)]·H2O}n (7), {Pb[H3N(CH2)2C(OH)(PO3H)(PO3)]}n (8) were obtained by the reaction of 3-Amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid and MnCl2·4H2O, CaO, PbO. The complex (6) belongs to monclinic system, space group C2/c, with cell parameters: a = 14.4318(19) nm, b = 14.2465(18) nm, c = 11.1184(10) nm,β= 119.121(2)°, V = 1997.0(4) nm3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.860 g.cm-3. The centeral metal ion Mn(II) is six coordinated by four ligand anions, formed a distorted octahedron geometry. The 3D network was formed through the intermolecule hydrogen bonding. The complex (7) belongs to orthorhombic system, space group Pna2(1), with cell parameters: a = 13.9197(13) nm, b = 10.6984(10) nm, c = 6.9803(6) nm, V = 1039.50(16) nm3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.975 g.cm-3. The centeral metal ion Ca(II) is seven-coordinated by three ligand anions and one water, formed a distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry, The three-dimensional was http://www.999magnet.com formed through the intermolecule hydrogen bonds; The complex of (8) belongs to orthorhombic system, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with cell parameters: a = 7.2264(14) nm, b = 10.093(2) nm, c = 12.154(2) nm, V = 886.5(3) nm3, Z = 4, Dc = 3.299 g.cm-3. The centeral metal ion Pb(II) is five coordinated by three ligand anions, formed a distorted quartpyramid geometry; The three-dimensional was formed through the intermolecule hydrogen bonding.Chart three: The complex of {Cu[H3NCH3C(OH)(PO3H)2]2·2H2O}n (9) is obtained by the reaction of 2-Amino -1-hydroxyethylicidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid and CuCl2, the complex (9) belongs to monclinic system, space group P2(1)/c, with cell parameters: a = 5.251(4) nm, b = 8.164(6) nm, c = 19.693(13) nm,β= 95.616(8)°, V = 840.1(10) nm3, Z = 2, Dc = 2.133 g.cm-3. The centeral metal ion Cu(II) is six coordinated by four ligand anions, formed a distorted octahedron geometry. The complex forms three-dimensional network structure by intermolecule hydrogen bonding.

Preparation of Modified TiO2 PhotoAcatlyst and Photocatalytics Degradation of Formaldhyde

　　Preparation of Modified TiO2 PhotoAcatlyst and Photocatalytics Degradation of Formaldhyde
　　As the pollution of formaldehyde(HCHO)is worsening in indoor.A number of studies related to the removal of HCHO have been carried out for several decades.In these methods,photocatalytic oxidation has been widely attracted.TiO2 is close to being an ideal photocatalyst in several respects:nontoxic,low cost,high stability, strong oxidizing.But the photocatalytic degradation is inefficiency because of their own limitation.So this work have used rare earth to compound with TiO2 in order to improve photocatalytic activity of TiO2.In this paper,the CeO2/TiO2 compound powders with Ti/Ce molar ratios from 1./0.8 to 1/2.5 were prepared by solid state process.The properties of Block Neodymium magnets compound powders including crystal structure,the properties of spectral absorption,the electronic structure and chemical state of surface were analyzeded and characterized by means of DSC-TGA,XRD,UV-Vis,XPS,PL,FT-IR etc.the Ag/CeO2/ TiO2 compound powders with were prepared by solid state process.The properties of compound powders were analyzeded and characterized by the experiments of photocatalytic degradation in formaldehyde.The results of experiment have proved that:1)The crystal phase of the powders sintered at 800℃were still anatase.This implied that the phase transition of TiO2 could be inhibited by doping CeO2,and the phase transition temperature of TiO2 was improved;
　　2)In the compound powders,as the valence states of Ti or Ce have been changed,the surface oxygen vacancies and adsorption oxygen were increased,and the concentration of hydroxyl of the compound powders were increased;3)The results of FT-IR demonstrated that the surface of CeO2/TiO2 compound powders easilier absorbs water than that of pure TiO2,and contains a large number of hydroxyl;4)The wavelength absorption threshold of TiO2 doped with CeO2 was red-shift to 450nm,and enhanced the absorption of visible light;5)Appropriate content of Ce could decline the intensity of PL spectra,as TiO2 with CeO2 molar ratio of 1:1.5,the PL spectra intensity is the weakest.But increased the molar ratio of TiO2 and CeO2,the PL spectra intensity was increased. http://www.999magnet.com   The results of photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde shown:1)The degrading rate of formaldehyde by the CeO2/TiO2 powders was 82.4%.It was 2.3 times than that of P25,which is obviously higher than P25 under the common daylight lamp;2)The degrading rate of formaldehyde by the Ag/CeO2/TiO2 powders was 95.91%.after degradation of six days,the concentration of formaldehyde is 0.02 mg/l,which is below the national standard value,the efficiency is obviously higher than CeO2/TiO2 and P25 under the common daylight lamp.The best parameters obtained by the experiment of photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde:the molar ration of TiO2 and CeO2 was 1:1.5;the sintering temperature was 500℃;the sintering time was 2.5 h,the humidity was about 53±3 %RH,the optimal quantity of formaldehyde was 0.5 ml(1%),the amount of photocatalyst was 5 g.At the same time,we found that the effect of reaction temperature wasn’t obviously in the process of the photocatalytic degradation.In this work,we generally adopted the temperature about 15-40℃.By investigate the doping effect of CeO2 and Ag/CeO2 in TiO2,the results of this work indicated that the absorption of visible light could be enhanced,and the utilization of sunlight could be improved in TiO2 doped with CeO2 and Ag/CeO2,the degrading rate of formaldehyde could be improved under the visible light

Magnetic Properties of Molecular Magnets Based on Multi-metal Complexes by Cyanides

　　Magnetic Properties of Molecular Magnets Based on Multi-metal Complexes by Cyanides
　　Molecular-based magnet is one of magnetic material which is composed of molecules or ions, they can be synthesized by conventional organic or inorganic chemical methods. Currently, the research, design and preparation of the molecule-based level mainly lies in the molecule magnetic material and organic elements. Because its synthesis preparation condition is moderate, compared with previous ionic and alloy magnet ,and can be obtained through the solution method. it has attracted considerable attention to complexs which can be assembled by two spin carrier which one contains magnetic of transition metal ion or rare earth metal ions ,and another contains magnetic Block Neodymium magnets of organic free radical groups. Additionally, the unlimited of molecular synthesis and the diversity of selection can bring a big breakthrough in the field of magnetic materials. In this thesis, the M?ssbauer measurements, magnetic measurements and structural measurements are performed to study the magnetic properties, microstructure and magnetic coupling mechanism in molecular magnets based on transition metal complexes. We discover the spin-glass-state for the first time in Ni1.125Co0.375[Fe(CN)6]·6.8H2O, which is also confirmed reasonably in terms of the qualitative & quantitive analysis. In the thesis, we have obtained the results in the following three aspects:1、A multimetallic Prussian blue compound Ni1.125Co0.375[Fe(CN)6]·6.8H2O was prepared by co-precipitation. A transition temperature from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic is about 16K , paramagnetic Curie temperature is 16.508±0.04K, and Curie constant C=3.024±0.03 emu.K/mol/Oe. The room temperature mossbauer spectrum and the infrared spectrum indicated that the metallic ions are bonded through cyanide ligand, i.e.: FeⅢ(s=1/2)-CN-(CoⅡ/NiⅡ)(96%) and FeⅢ(s=5/2)-NC-(CoⅡ/NiⅡ) (4%).
　　2、The measurement of direct-current and alternating-current magnetic susceptibility indicated that the spin-glass-state exists in the Ni1.125Co0.375[Fe(CN)6]·6.8H2O. The dependence of peak position (Tf) on the frequency shift is also found with the fitting http://www.999magnet.com constant C=0.0081, by extrapolation under the zero frequency system’s freezing temperatures is Tg=13.289K. Simultaneously we have gotten the characteristic time constantτ0=5.62×10-11s and judgment factor zv=5.4439.3、A 4f-3d cyanide ligand complex [FeGd(bipy)(H2O)4(CN)6]·5.69H2O was synthesized, which is executed on direct-current and alternating-current magnetization process. The analysis belongs to intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction in 300K-90K, about crystalline field effects or spin-crossover in 90K-50K and intermolecular antiferromagnetic interaction below 50K. At the same time, the alternating-current magnetic susceptibility indicated that magnetic ordering didn’t exist the complex.At last, we summarize the work in the thesis and discuss the prospects of the study of molecular magnets based on multi metal complexes by cyanides.

Synthesis and Properties of Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+ Florescence Material

　　Synthesis and Properties of Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+ Florescence Material
　　Eu2+ is one of the most convenient exciting ion in aluminates luminescent materials, but the stable europium ion in the world is Eu3+, so it is necessary to reduce Eu3+ into Eu2+. The reducing potentiality of Eu3+ depends on the matrix materials which Eu3+ is welled in, in some matrix, such as CaS、CaF2、SrAl2O4、Sr2MgSi2O7 et al, it is easy to reduce Eu3+, but it is very difficult in Sr3Al2O6. In this paper, the reducing method of Eu3+ in Sr3Al2O6,the effect of Segment neodymium magnets synthesis technique parameter on the reducing of Eu3+ has been investigated, the changeable fluorescent phenomenon of Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+ has also been observed.In the process of synthesis Sr3Al2O6 by means of solid state reaction method, with the help of (NH4)3PO4·3H2O, Eu3+ can be reduced effectively into Eu2+ in thermo-carbon reducing atmosphere. When mol ratio Sr/Al=1.2-1.5mol, Eu/Sr=0.02, P/Al=0.1-0.15, synthesizing temperature at 1220±20℃, sintering time 4h, the sample synthesized has changeable fluorescence phenomenon, that is, it emits 520nm yellow green light only when excited by 364nm violet light, emits 520nm yellow green fluorescence of Eu2+ and http://www.999magnet.com red fluorescence of Eu3+ when excited by violet light 254nm. From the fluorescence spectrum and EPR results show that Eu2+ in Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+ is ionized when excited by high energy violet light 520nm, that is Eu2+→Eu3++e, and then induces the changeable fluorescence phenomenon.Further tests show, by adding Ba2+ et al to change the parameter of matrix, by energy transferring with the help of Ce3+, Gd3+ et al, the spectrum of Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+ can be adjusted, so there is the possibility to synthesize the white light fluorescence with high brightness.

Study of High Spin States in 129Cs

　　Study of High Spin States in 129Cs
　　Nuclei in the A=120～130 light rare earth mass region attracted great interest in the research on the high spin states. In this nuclear region , the valence neutrons lying on the high K h11/2 nillsson orbit, drive the nuclear toγ=00 prolate deformation ; and the valence protons lying on the low K h11/2 orbit, drive the nuclear toγ=-600 oblate deformation. Hence the competition between the two different shape driving forces lead the shape coexistence effect, which is common in the low lying states in this nucleus region.. In a word, single-particle movement and collective movement compete strongly at the high lying states, and so many nuclear structure proterties are accumulated in this A=120～130 nuclear region, it is important to pay attention to the study on this region.The first part is introduction. Such as a brief review of the development of nuclear physics history and several commonly used methods method about how to layout nucleus high spin states, such as heavy particle fusion evaporation reaction, heavy particle multiple coulomb excitation, heavy particle induced fission promptγ-spectroscopy etc., and they gave an explanation of the advantages and disadvantages of the method. Because of the Segment neodymium magnets experimental conditions, Early research work in the high-spin state have used the radioactive decay process, as well as heavy nucleus neutron capture process methods programe the nucleus high spin states, The results has provided a powerful experimental evidence for the early collective rotational spectrum of nucleus. The advantages of these methods is that a clean objective and very good selectivity has provided, however, its shortcomings is that it cannot programe a higher spin states. It also provide a method called systematic method that often used on analyzing the structure of nucleus. Although strictly speaking, the system is only a study of experience, and not strictly theoretical foundation cannot be completely ruled out a singular nuclear incident (such as the shell effect or association), which also must be approved by the inference and experimental test, but Phylogenetic analysis method as the reasonableness of the method and effectiveness has been fully affirmed and confirmed.The second part is a detailed in-beam gamma spectroscopy. The high-spin states of 129Cs were populated through the reaction 122Sn(11B,4n)129Cs ,at two beam energy,Elab1=55MeV, Elab2=60MeV,provided by the HI-13 tandem accelerator of CIAE in Beijing. The target was consisted of self-supporting one stacked foil of 122Sn, thickness 5mg/cm2. Theγ-rays emitted from the residuals were detected in promptγ-γcoincidence measurement with a combined detector array. Eleven BGO Compton suppressed HPGe detectors weir used in this experiment. The detectors were placed at angles of 90°to the beam direction. A total of about 1.5×108 coincidence events were accumulated. The experimendal data will be recorded and used as chronological record to the computer. Whenever KODAQ acquisition system received an interrupt signal (TRIG, from multiple logical units) Description detection array detection to a line with the incident, the computer records began, according to TDC in which the order read out to-ray detector, How many time it partitions, and then read out from the ADC-ray energy. TDC is one-to-one with the ADC. The detectors were read after all, the end of an event,wait under an interrupt signal to begin recording a new incident.All of this will be recorded to the accumulation of these events together to form a document stored in the computer in the buffer zone. In order to prevent the emergence of a sudden brownout or detector, electronics accidents such as http://www.999magnet.com changes in working conditions, generally a document in the records of the buffer zone stored on the hard drive every tow hours.The third part is about the offline data processing. We inverse the data acquired from the data acquision system, it can be used for the analysis of the symmetry of the Eγ-Eγmatrix and DCO for the analysis of the non-symmetric Eγ-Eγmatrix. Symmetric matrix to the X or Y axis on a projection of the total projection spectrum, By fenestration and analysis we are concerned with the relationship between the-ray spectroscopy. Befor the analysis,
　　We need for the energy calibration and efficiency calibration of various detector and the detection arrays. Energy calibration is acquired by through the selection of the energy generated in the known characteristic peak. The efficiency calibration are standarded by the standard peak of 152Eu. Then we could get the relatively array detection efficiency calibration curve, as a future-ray intensity of the amendment.γ-ray intensity through the peak for the area and the corresponding detection efficiency to determine the peak area for the three main methods. Through a single spectrum for the other a total projection of the spectrum, spectrum-as accurate, but it is simple. The third window for the spectrum, fenestration larger spectral method of error, usually powerless when the former two methods used. In this work, we have adopted a spectral method is fenestration. With the experimental data fitting procedure fitting the peak area of peak area, it is necessary to pay special attention to the background of continuity. After deducting the end, it is necessary to a wide selection of the correct identification to prevent because a lot of energy near-ray single-spectrum brought in the very high, leading to the peak area fitting grave error. Then try to fit the scope of the election wider, as far as possible, includes all the nearby peaks at the peak at the same time fitting, in order to reduce the introduction of errors.The forth part is divided into experimental results and analysis. Based on the work of L. http://www.999magnet.com   Hildingsson, we extended the level structure of 129Cs. A more completely band structure were established. Most of the relative intensity of theγ-rays of 129Cs were measured. The linking transitions between band 1 and the g9/2 band are built fot the first time, which help the assignment of the configuration of band 1. The mixing (πg7/2/πd5/2)(?) (υh11/2)2 configuration was assigned to the band 1, the existence of signature splitting indicates the triaxial deformation. In our work the study of band 5 has been observed the second upbend probably for the first time in the (α=-1/2)πh1/2 rotational band. A coupled band ofπh1/2 andγ-vibration configuration was assigned to band 7.

Study of High Spin States in 123I

　　Study of High Spin States in 123I
　　The atomic nucleus is a multibody system that can be excited in many kinds of quantum mechanics ways.The competition and interaction between the single particle movement and collective movement is the important factor which determines the nuclear structure.The nuclei near closure shell are spheric,and predominantly have single particle structures.The nuclei which are far from the closure will have deformation and the level scheme will represent a strong collective character.The generalized A～130 transitional region refers to the nuclei from the closed shell spherical nuclei(Z=50)to the rare-earth nuclei(Z≥57).There are two characteristics of the nucleus in this area:One is valence protons and neutrons are both in h11/2shell,and the fermi surfaces of protons and neutrons are in the lower and higher part of the h11/2shell respectively.So they have different shape driving effect;The other is that the nuclear deformation isγsoft,and triaxial deformation potential energy surface is very smooth and easy to have Alnico magnets a triaxial deformation.It is precise because this is the nucleus of the above characteristics of their high spin states,showing a very rich structure of atomic muclei has been a high-spin states of the regional hot spots.This paper is on the A～130 at the transitional area of 123I high spin states.The content of this paper is divided into three parts:Introduction,The in-beamγspectroscopy experiments,Offiine data analysis and discussion. Introduction contains the following aspects:Firstly,briefly review of the course of development of nuclear physics,introduce the several methods of atomic muclei population of high spin states,and compare their advantages and disadvantages respectively;Secondly,detail the nucleus of several common models;Finally,I introduce the 123I nuclear research background,and further explained the original intention of this work and research purposes.The paper mainly discusses the second part:the beamγspectroscopy experiment.The high spin states of 123I is populated through the fusion reaction evaporation 116Cd(14N,5n2p).The experiment is completed by Dr.Komatsubara, the University of Tsukuba,Japan,in Denmark,Bohr.The main purpose of the experiment is 126Cs high spin states and 123I belongs to a reaction road.116Cd target thickness is about the quality of 820,with a target of steam afer the lining. Selected experimental beam energy was 65MeV,and experimental detection arrays comprised of 19 Taiwan ACS HPGe detector and a small plane detector. After data inversion,the double line with the totel mumber of incidents reached a 8×108.Although the practical reason(the author did not participate in the experimental measurements)doesn’t let me describe experimental equipments and processes in detail,the author has participated twice in the esperimental work on the high spin states at the Beijing tandem accelerator.
　　Therefore,take the institute of atomic energy HI-13 tandem accelerator atγterminal as an example,I introduce the experimental procedures and methods of the in-beamγspectrum and carried out a detailed explanation about several major laboratory equipments.The last part of the article is offiine data analysis and experimental results discussion.Firstly,we recorded the data acquisition system of data inversion and got the Eγ-Eγmatrix which was used for the analysis of the symmetry. Then we projected to the symmetric matrix of the x-axis or the y-axis and produce the total spectrum;Finally,we identified the accordance correlation between theγ-rays through gating.According http://www.999magnet.com to the relationship and various factors,such as cascade relationships and intensity balance,we reestablished of the 123I-level gang map and firstly found more than 30 newγ-ray in this work. By extracting alignment angular momentum and analyzing the correlation between alignment increment and configuration,a new band which fed into the previously knownπg7/2rotational band was tentatively assigned toπg7/2[404]7/2+(?)(vh11/2)2 coupledγvibration band.Band on the previous work, we extended the level structure of a strong coupled side band.Through assigning the multipolarity of the transitions feeding the knownπg9/2rotational band and the foundation and affirment of the inportant linking transition 962keV,ultimately we identified the configuration of this band,namelyπg9/2 coupled toγvibration band.The work has solved the many-year question on the assignment of this band.In conclusion,the work improved the original 123I-level scheme,further enriched the A～130 isotope nucleus structure.The new foundγ-rays and the band structure provided the new evidence to systematic studies of the nucleus and the understanding of the uclear nature,as well as provided a new foundation on more theoretical and comprehensive analysis.Nevertheless, because a number of issues are still left,the relative work still needs to be done.

First-principles Study of the Superconductivity of Metallic La and Ca under Pressure

　　First-principles Study of the Superconductivity of Metallic La and Ca under Pressure
　　Lanthanum metal is the first member of the rare-earth series of elements and experiences a series of phase transitions under pressure. At ambient pressure,La exhibits a double hexagonal close packed (dhcp)structure and transforms to face-centered cubic(fcc)phase at 2.3GPa.Low-temperature resistivity and superconductivity measurements showed that there was a transformation from fcc to distorted fcc phase at～5.4 GPa.However,the room-temperature high-pressure x-ray diffraction(XRD)experiment suggested that this phase transition occurred at about 7GPa.The temperature effects mainly contribute to the difference among the three experimental measurements.Through XRD experiment,a soft phonon mode at the L point of Brillouin zone(BZ)in fcc-La is speculated to be responsible for this phase transition.Using frozen-phonon calculations,the theory also predicted that the transverse Ball Neodymium Magnets acoustic(TA)phonon at L-point softens with pressure,but no direct evidence was available in the literature.More interestingly,Lanthanum is a superconductor at ambient pressure with a relatively high superconducting transition temperature (T_c)of 4.9K.Experimental measurements demonstrated that T_c increases dramatically with pressure from 5 K at zero pressure to 13 K at 10GPa.Pickett et al.calculated the electron-phonon coupling(EPC) constantλwith the rigid muffin-tin approximation(RMTA)and suggested that the drastic increase in T_c under pressure can be attributed primarily to the changes in the electronic stiffness.Wang et al. suggested that the softening of the transverse L-point phonon frequency might lead to the increased T_c,however,there is no any theoretical data supporting their conclusion.In the current study,we systemically studied the lattice dynamics and the EPC with pressure using the linear-response approach based on the density-functional perturbation theory to reveal the nature of the pressure-induced phase transition from fcc to distorted fcc and to uncover the physical origin for the increased T_c in fcc La with pressure.A pressure-induced softening TA phonon mode at the L point of Brillouin zone is identified and the phonon softening pressure was predicted to be～4.92GPa,which coincides with the experimentally observed second-order phase transition pressure of～5.3GPa from fcc to distorted fcc.Moreover.no elastic instability is found under compression.Analysis of the calculated results suggested that the TA phonon instability is the driven force for this second-order phase transition.Furthermore,the current EPC calculations suggested that the experimental observation of elevated T_c with pressure is from the increased EPC strength and the softening TA phonon.In addition to lanthanum,we also studied calcium(Ca)metal due to its interesting phenomenon under pressure.Calcium adopts an fcc (Ca-Ⅰ)lattice at ambient conditions.Under compression,it transforms to body-centered cubic(bcc)(Ca-Ⅱ)and a very unique simple cubic(sc) (Ca-Ⅲ)structures at 20 GPa and 32 GPa,respectively.The existence of sc phase in Ca has been theoretically confirmed by the total energy calculations.Further experimental measurement suggests that the sc phase exists in a large pressure range of 32 to 109 GPa.Beyond 110 GPa,two new high-pressure phases of Ca-Ⅳ(113- 139 GPa)and Ca-Ⅴ(>139GPa)have been observed experimentally but not explained theoretically.The experimental measurements on the electrical resistances of Ca with pressure show two remarkable anomalies.One is the resistance maximum in the 12-19 GPa pressure range within the fcc phase.This abnormal behavior is understandable with the metal-nonmetal transition predicted by the band structure calculations.The second anomaly is the obvious discontinuity in resistance at～40 GPa within the sc phase.The physical origin for this anomaly remains unknown.
　　More importantly,Ca was found to http://www.chinamagnets.biz become a superconductor under pressure.Superconductivity of Ca was firstly observed as a small drop in the electrical resistance at 2 K and 44 GPa within the sc structure. Later,Shingo et al.measured that T_c of Ca is below 3 K above 85 GPa and increases linearly with pressure up to 15 K at 150 GPa.A newly published experimental study further showed that T_c reached 25 K at 161 GPa.However.the only theoretical study on the superconductivity of Ca is performed within the RMTA and the mean-square phonon frequency <ω~2> is approximated through the formula <ω~2> = 0.5θ_D~2 without considering the distribution of the phonon density of states (DOS),which leads to much higher T_c than that in experiment.Normally,the anomaly in the electrical resistance is related to the changes of the electronic properties.This stimulates us to explore the band structures and Fermi surface of sc Ca under compression.In addition,lattice dynamics and EPC are calculated to uncover the origin of the pressure-induced T_c enhancement in sc Ca.Analysis of the calculated band structure and Fermi surface with pressure suggests that the predicted electronic topology transitions(ETT)atⅩpoint is mainly responsible for the observed anomaly of the electrical resistance.The phonon calculations for sc Ca with both supercell and linear response methods reveal large imaginary frequencies in the pressure range of 32 -109 GPa.This phonon instability might imply the existence of significant anharmonic effect in sc Ca needed to stabilize the crystal.In addition,EPC calculation demonstrates that the observed increase of T_c with pressure is mainly attributed to the enhancement of the electron DOS at the Fermi level N(E_F)and the EPC matrix element .

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of the Perovskite Niobates

　　Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of the Perovskite Niobates
　　There has been a great deal of interest and studies in perovskite materials, due to their interesting electrical, magnetic and catalytic properties, and Magnetic lifter applications in colossal magnetoresistance, magnetocaloric effect and ferroelectricity. The researches mainly focus on two aspects: (1) canons doping in perovskite materials, (2) and creating oxygen vacancies.Hydrothermal synthesis is the process which makes the reactants to the products in the sealed the system in http://www.999magnet.com certain temperature with the m...

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of the Perovskites Ferrite and Manganites

　　Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of the Perovskites Ferrite and Manganites
　　Perovskite oxides have been extensively investigated due to their particular electrical and magnetic property. These most important property make them become the possible candidates as electrolytes used in solid-oxide fuel cells, high-temperature oxygen sensor and catalysts. In the mid-80s the high temperature superconductor’s appearance and to the great magnetoresistance’s research, causes the perovskite rare earth compound to become the research especially in the 90s the hot spot.The coexistence of ferroelectricity and magnetic order has been observed more recently in the perovskite bismuth oxides with a non-symmetric structure, such as BiFeO3 and BiMnO3; hence, they have attracted considerable attention. The phenomenon of simultaneous ferroelectric and magnetic order, Neodymium Magnets that is, particular behavior, presents not only opportunities to study fundamental physics but also potential applications in information storage, communication, and sensors.It is well known that the microstructure of the material plays an important role in its physical properties. The synthesis technique and process are crucial to the microstructure. The size and morphology of BiFeO3 dependencies of optical, catalytic, magnetic, and transport behaviors have been extensively studied. For the perovskite bismuth oxides, the conventional solid-state reaction at a high sintering temperature is commonly used. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a single phase, because the volatilization of some reactants leads to an incomplete reaction Although many synthetic routes have been employed, a soft-chemical route to obtain bismuth ferrites with high purity and perfect crystallization. is worth exploring. In this paper ,we synthesized the BiFeO3 pure powder in the present paper using the hydrothermal method.Hydrothermal method, involving heating metal salts, oxides or hydroxides as a solution or suspension in a liquid elevated temperature and pressure, offers an alternative synthesis route for the multicomponent ceramic oxides. Because the reactions are carried out in solution, the physicochemical properties of many reactions will change. Compared to high temperature solid state reactions, hydrothermal reactions need relatively low temperatures, which favors the formation of low agglomeration, homogeneity and good sinterability ceramic powder.
　　In addition, hydrothermal method is an open route to metastable phases. With the basis of large experiments, we investigated the characterization of this materials such nanocrystalline, colossal magnetoresistance and superconductor.In this paper we through fumble suitable condition, using hydrothermal method synthesis the ferroelectricity http://www.999magnet.com and the ferromagnetic order BiFeO3、La0.6Ba0.34K0.06MnO3 and La0.46Ba0.45K0.09MnO3. The product composition、structure、appearance、magnetism、thermostble and so on have been characterized in the preliminary survey, provides the help for the material synthesis and the design.In the mild condition, BiFeO3 was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Obtained the pure ferrous acid bismith through the control response condition.The influences of various hydrothermal conditions such as reaction time and temperature on the formation, morphology and crystalline size of products were investigated. And analyzed carefully sought the best synthesis condition under other condition by-product.La0.6Ba0.34K0.06MnO3 and La0.46Ba0.45K0.09MnO3 have been prepared in the system of KOH-KMnO4-MnCl2-La(NO3)3-Ba (NO3)2-H2O. The influence of nominal materials, KOH conce- ntration and the crystalline temperature on the formation of pure phase products were investigated. In the system of KOH-KMnO4- MnCl2-La(NO3)3-Ba(NO3)2-H2O, We considered that redox or disproportionation reaction may happen. The reaction mechanism of it has been not clearly by now, so the further study needs to be done in the hydrothermal synthesis.

Study on the Properties and Rheological Behavior of PE/CaO Composites

　　Study on the Properties and Rheological Behavior of PE/CaO Composites
　　In this paper, the PE/CaO composites were prepared by blending PE and CaO modified withrare earth complexes. The effects of CaO contents、coupling agents and photoconductive agentson the mechanic property of PE/CaO composites were investigated. The degradability of PEfilms, which was under the high-pressured mercury lamp artificial accelerated aging and Block neodymium magnet naturalinsolation exposes to the sun, was also investigated by FTIR, SEM. In chapter 3, The rheologicalbehaviors of the PE/CaO composites were investigated by Melt Flow Rate Instrument, HAAKERotational Viscometer and AR2000 Torque Rheometer. The thermal degradable dynamics ofPE/CaO composites was preliminary analysed. Finally, the mechanism of photodegradable ofPE/CaO composites was analysed by IR、SEM and AR2000 Torque Rheometer.The results showed that the mechanic property of PE/CaO composites can meet thestandard.The PE/CaO composites can be http://www.chinamagnets.biz photodegradable, bumt and compostable.The analysisof TG showed that the apparent activation energy of PE was 224.0 kJ/mol, lower than theapparent activation energy of PE/CaO composites with 30% CaO content, close to the apparentactivation energy of other PE/CaO composites.The main chemical reaction of PE/CaOcomposites illuminated a long time was the degradable reaction of the chief chain.With theilluminated time prolonged, the viscoelastic response of PE/CaO composites transform fromquasi-liquid to quasi-solide.

基于Terfenol材料的大位移微驱动器研究与开发

　　基于Terfenol材料的大位移微驱动器研究与开发
　　The new type of functional material and the working principle are unceasingly used to improve precision driving and its control technology As a new type of functional material which has been developed in recent years, rare earth-iron giant magnetostrictive materials has many advantages, such as large magnetostriction strain, high coupling coefficient, quick response, high energy density and so on, which make it have good application future in fields of precision driving and microdisplacement. Based on the new type of functional material, this paper uses new principles and approaches to study this kind of microdisplacement actuator and its precision driving system. A new way and train Block neodymium magnet of thoughts are provided to study the new type, high property microdisplacement actuator and its precision control system.
　　The main study content of this paper is as follows:Starting with causing mechanism of magnetostriction, this paper analyses and discuss the relationship of physical properties of magnetic crystal, Meanwhile, the characteristics of giant magnetostrictive, such as lengthen and shorten, magnetic-mechanical coupling, pressure stress, temperature and so on, are a little more systematically analyzed and elaborated, and corresponding curves and representations are given. The theory foundation is settled for highly effectively and rationally using giant magnetostrictive material.Based on the character of the giant magnetostrictive materials and the basic structure of the actuator, the paper calculated and designed the magnetic path, electric-magnetic structure, pre-pressure mechanism, temperature controlling system, then analyzed the character of the actuator in the software ANSYS and optimized the structure. Analyzed and calculated the dynamics character of the flexure hinges, designed a http://www.chinamagnets.biz two-stage symmetric displacement magnifying mechanism with flexure hinges, the maximal allowed input displacement was calculated and the displacement loss of the mechanism was analyzed. The software ANSYS was used to calculate the relationship of the exterior force and input displacement.After theoretic analysis and the structure design of the precision driving system, tested the character of the system, including the character of magnetic, output displacement, pre-pressure, temperature, hysteresis; and also test the character of the displacement magnifying mechanism.Analyzed hysteresis causing of the giant magnetostrictive materials ,compared several kinds of nonlinear models of hysteresis. Deduced the Preisach model of the giant magnetostrictive actuator, established the experimental model and tested it. Researched the open-loop precision positioning control of the actuator based on the Preisach model.

Luminescence of Ce～(4+) and Eu～(3+) Ions Doped in Sr2CeO4 and Ca2SnO4 Hosts with One-dimensional Structures

　　Luminescence of Ce～(4+) and Eu～(3+) Ions Doped in Sr2CeO4 and Ca2SnO4 Hosts with One-dimensional Structures
　　Sr2CeO4: Eu3+, MCeO3(M=Sr, Ba): Eu3+, Ca2SnO4: Eu3+ and Ca2SnO4: Ce4+ powder samples were prepared by a solid-state method and their structures, formation mechanism and luminescent properties were investigated by use of XRD and fluorescence spectra. When the Sr2-xEuxCeO4+x/2 samples are prepared, it is found that only the excitation energy in the strong charge-transfer-state (CTS) band of Ce4+—O2- peaking at about 35700cm-1 is Ball Neodymium Magnets transferred to Eu3+ ion while that in the weak CTS band of Ce4+—O2- located at about 29400cm-1 led to Ce4+—O2- charge-transfer emission. After absorption of moisture in the Sr2-xEuxCeO4+x/2 samples, the intensity of Eu3+ intra-4f6 absorption transition increases remarkably, the energy transfer takes place from the two Ce4+—O2- CTS bands to Eu3+ ion. The excitation energy in the strong Ce4+—O2- CTS band is transferred to the Eu3+—O2- CTS band through radiationless process involving exchange interaction, however, the weak Ce4+—O2- CTS band causes the excitation to the Eu3+ excited levels through resonance radiationless process by a multipole interaction mechanism.The Eu3+ ions doped in MCeO3(M=Sr, Ba) have preference to M2+ than Ce4+ sites. In the MCeO3: Eu3+ samples, the emission transitions of Eu3+ originated from 5D1 and 5D0 excited states can be observed, among which the 5D0—7F1 magnetic-dipole transition is the most intense emission. The emission of Eu3+ doped in the SrCeO3 lattice is much stronger than that of Eu3+ doped in the BaCeO3 lattice. The excitation spectra of SrCeO3: Eu3+ and BaCeO3: Eu3+ display a much broad absorption band peaking at about 311 nm and 320 nm, respectively.
　　This broad band is attributed to the charge transfer from O2- to Ce4+ and the energy transfer to Eu3+.When the starting powder mixture of CaCO3 and SnO2 (2:1) is calcined at 1250℃, the unstable intermediate phase CaSnO3 is developed, which then reacts with CaO to form the final product Ca2SnO4. The excitation spectrum of Ca2-xEuxSnO4 shows a Eu3+—O2- charge-transfer band with the maximum changing from 274 nm to 292 nm by increasing the Eu3+ concentrations (x=0.01～0.15). Under UV excitation, the Ca2SnO4: Eu3+ phosphor exhibits novel red emission at about 618nm which is assigned to the 5D0—7F2 electric-dipole transition. In addition, http://www.chinamagnets.biz   the weak emission transitions from the higher 5D2 and 5D1 excited states can be observed at low Eu3+ concentrations because of the low multiphonon relaxation probability. The emission spectrum of Ca2SnO4: Eu3+ is similar to that of Sr2CeO4: Eu3+, however, the 5D0—7F2 emission of the former is much stronger than that of the latter.ACe4+ -doped Ca2SnO4 with one-dimensional structure, which emits bright blue light, was prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The Ce4+ ions doped in Ca2SnO4 tend to occupy the Sn4+ sites. The excitation and emission spectra of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 appear to be broad bands with peaks at～268 nm and～442 nm, respectively. A long lifetime of～83μs for the excited state of the emission from Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 suggests that the luminescence originates from a ligand-to-metal Ce4+ chage transfer. It is found that the emission from Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 shows a blue shift with respect to that from Sr2CeO4, which is the only material reported so far to show Ce4+ CT luminescence. More interestingly, it is observed that the emission intensity of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 with a small doping concentration (x～0.03) is comparable to that of Sr2CeO4 in which the concentration of active center is 100%.

Research on Microstructure and Performance of Single Step Galfan Coated Steel Wire

　　Research on Microstructure and Performance of Single Step Galfan Coated Steel Wire
　　In this study,the secondary electron microimage and backscattered electron one were done for pure zinc coating aided by chemical solution, pure zinc coating aided by electroplating, Galfan coating aided by chemical solution and Galfan coating aided by electroplating.Then line and point scan analysis, twining test were performed too.The results show:1. The pure zinc coatings aided by different technics include obvious Fe,Zn alloy transition portion and pure zinc zone.The neodymium magnets superficial zinc of sample aided by electroplating is more compact.2. The transition portion of single step Galfan alloy is very thin,less than 1μm.And aluminum increases evidently at transition part, then stabilizes.So aluminum creates intermetalic compound firstly that holds up the Fe,Zn intermetallics.3. The combination between transition part of Galfan alloy and substrate is closer.And the superficial portion is eutectic structure,zinc sacrificing anode protection and aluminum passivation are beneficial.The addition of lanthanon improve intergranular anticorrosion.4. Neutral salt spray tests show that Galfan alloy is more anticorrosive than pure zinc and steel wire aided by electroplating is more corrosion resistant than that aided by chemical solution.Those steel wires single hot-dipped Galfan alloy do not present any lacunas after http://www.chinamagnets.biz twining test.Through microstructure analysis and mechanics tests for steel wire of Germany,Xianyan ,Shanghai and 82B,the results present that single step Galfan alloy is excellent. The steel wire single hot-dipped Galfan alloy shows outstanding anticorrosion and mechanics capability. So it will be the preferred product in market.